arXiv:2602.07574cs.CVcs.CL2026-02被引 7

让视觉信息只在少数层参与计算,大幅降低多模态大模型开销。

ViCA: Efficient Multimodal LLMs with Vision-Only Cross-Attention

论文配图:ViCA: Efficient Multimodal LLMs with Vision-Only Cross-Attention
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 视觉令牌跳过大部分自注意力层,仅在部分层通过稀疏交叉注意力与文本交互。
  • 保持98%准确率的同时,视觉计算量降至4%,推理速度提升超3.5倍。
  • 适合追求高效多模态推理的开发者,可与剪枝方法无缝结合。

现代多模态大语言模型(MLLM)采用统一的自注意力设计,在每个Transformer层中同时处理视觉和文本令牌,带来巨大计算开销。本文重新审视这种密集视觉处理的必要性,发现投影后的视觉嵌入已与语言空间高度对齐,有效的视觉-语言交互仅发生在少数层。基于此,提出ViCA(Vision-only Cross-Attention)——一种极简架构:视觉令牌跳过所有自注意力与前馈层,仅在选定层通过稀疏交叉注意力与文本交互。在三个MLLM主干、九个基准和26种剪枝基线上的评估显示,ViCA在保持98%基线准确率的同时,将视觉侧计算降至4%,始终实现更优的性能-效率权衡。此外,其结构规整、硬件友好,单批推理加速超3.5倍,多批推理加速超10倍,视觉定位开销近乎为零。该方法与令牌剪枝正交,可无缝结合以进一步提效。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) adopt a unified self-attention design that processes visual and textual tokens at every Transformer layer, incurring substantial computational overhead. In this work, we revisit the necessity of such dense visual processing and show that projected visual embeddings are already well-aligned with the language space, while effective vision-language interaction occurs in only a small subset of layers. Based on these insights, we propose ViCA (Vision-only Cross-Attention), a minimal MLLM architecture in which visual tokens bypass all self-attention and feed-forward layers, interacting with text solely through sparse cross-attention at selected layers. Extensive evaluations across three MLLM backbones, nine multimodal benchmarks, and 26 pruning-based baselines show that ViCA preserves 98% of baseline accuracy while reducing visual-side computation to 4%, consistently achieving superior performance-efficiency trade-offs. Moreover, ViCA provides a regular, hardware-friendly inference pipeline that yields over 3.5x speedup in single-batch inference and over 10x speedup in multi-batch inference, reducing visual grounding to near-zero overhead compared with text-only LLMs. It is also orthogonal to token pruning methods and can be seamlessly combined for further efficiency gains. Our code is available at https://github.com/EIT-NLP/ViCA.

多模态高效推理视觉注意力模型压缩

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