arXiv:2602.07847cs.IR2026-02被引 1

直接生成推荐:跳过中间步骤,提升推荐精度。

From Token Generation to Item Ranking: Direct Generative Recommendation with Semantic IDs

  • 用语义ID作为物品表示,直接建模用户偏好得分
  • 在多个数据集上超越现有生成式与基于ID的推荐方法
  • 理论证明令牌接口无法保证排名恢复,主张直接评分

生成式推荐将物品推荐建模为令牌级别的生成任务,其中语义ID(SIDs)将每个物品表示为离散令牌序列。然而,推荐最终需要物品级别的排序,而基于SID的方法通过解码令牌级输出获得排序结果。我们称这些输出为令牌接口;接口与解码器共同构成令牌中介流程。我们建立了一个理论二分:若接口不具排名充分性,则仅依赖该接口的解码器无法保证精确排名恢复;若接口具备排名充分性,则精确解码等价于物品级打分。因此,对于物品排序,令牌级生成要么丢失关键排名信息,要么提供与直接物品级打分无异的表达能力。基于此洞察,我们提出直接生成推荐(DiGR),框架在保留SID语义结构的同时,直接建模物品级偏好。DiGR不将SID令牌视为生成目标,而是将其作为物品表示,并通过统一的物品级打分函数学习用户-物品匹配。在多个真实世界数据集上,使用不同规模的LLM骨干网络进行的大量实验表明,DiGR持续优于现有生成式推荐器以及基于ID的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative recommendation formulates item recommendation as a token-level generation task, where Semantic IDs (SIDs) represents each item as a sequence of discrete tokens. However, recommendation ultimately requires item-level rankings, whereas SID-based methods derive them by decoding token-level outputs. We term these outputs the token interface; together, the interface and decoder form a token-mediated pipeline. We establish a theoretical dichotomy: if the interface is ranking-insufficient, no decoder based solely on it can guarantee exact ranking recovery; if it is ranking-sufficient, exact decoding is output-equivalent to item-level scoring. Thus, for item ranking, token-level generation either loses essential ranking information or provides no additional ranking expressiveness beyond direct item-level scoring. Based on this insight, we propose \textbf{Di}rect \textbf{G}enerative \textbf{R}ecommendation (\model), a framework that directly models item-level preferences while preserving the semantic structure of SID. Instead of treating SID tokens as generation targets, \model uses them as item representations and learns user-item matching through a unified item-level scoring function. Extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets with LLM backbones of different scales demonstrate that \model consistently outperforms existing generative recommenders as well as ID-based methods.

生成推荐语义ID直接评分排序优化

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