arXiv:2602.08021cs.AI2026-02

基于条件高斯网络的反事实解释方法,能自动捕捉特征关系并保证全局鲁棒性。

Structure-Aware Robust Counterfactual Explanations via Conditional Gaussian Network Classifiers

  • 利用有向无环图建模特征间因果关系,嵌入搜索过程
  • 通过分段McCormick松弛将非凸问题转为可全局求解的混合整数线性规划
  • 在多个数据集上实现稳定高效的反事实生成,适合对解释可靠性要求高的场景

反事实解释(CE)是可解释人工智能(XAI)的核心技术,用于解读模型决策并提供可操作的替代方案。本文提出一种基于条件高斯网络分类器(CGNC)的结构感知且鲁棒的反事实搜索方法。CGNC具有生成式结构,通过有向无环图(DAG)编码特征间的条件依赖和潜在因果关系,天然将特征关系融入搜索过程,无需额外约束即可保持与模型结构假设的一致性。采用收敛保障的割集算法作为对抗优化框架,迭代逼近满足全局鲁棒性条件的解。针对特征依赖引发的非凸二次结构,应用分段McCormick松弛将问题重构为混合整数线性规划(MILP),确保全局最优。实验表明,该方法具备强鲁棒性,直接对原始公式进行全局优化时表现出尤其稳定高效的结果。所提框架可扩展至更复杂的约束设定,为非凸二次形式下的反事实推理未来发展奠定基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Counterfactual explanation (CE) is a core technique in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), widely used to interpret model decisions and suggest actionable alternatives. This work presents a structure-aware and robustness-oriented counterfactual search method based on the conditional Gaussian network classifier (CGNC). The CGNC has a generative structure that encodes conditional dependencies and potential causal relations among features through a directed acyclic graph (DAG). This structure naturally embeds feature relationships into the search process, eliminating the need for additional constraints to ensure consistency with the model's structural assumptions. We adopt a convergence-guaranteed cutting-set procedure as an adversarial optimization framework, which iteratively approximates solutions that satisfy global robustness conditions. To address the nonconvex quadratic structure induced by feature dependencies, we apply piecewise McCormick relaxation to reformulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), ensuring global optimality. Experimental results show that our method achieves strong robustness, with direct global optimization of the original formulation providing especially stable and efficient results. The proposed framework is extensible to more complex constraint settings, laying the groundwork for future advances in counterfactual reasoning under nonconvex quadratic formulations.

反事实解释因果推理生成模型鲁棒性

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