SNC音频编码通过分轨+残留存储，实现无损压缩与灵活播放。
SNC: A Stem-Native Codec for Efficient Lossless Audio Storage with Adaptive Playback Capabilities
- 将音乐拆分为独立音轨和低能量混音残差进行编码
- 相比FLAC减少38.2%文件大小（7.76MB vs 12.55MB）且保持听觉透明（STOI=0.996）
- 支持自适应播放、空间渲染和用户混音，无需额外存储
当前音频格式在文件大小与功能之间存在根本权衡：无损格式如FLAC保留音质但缺乏灵活性，有损格式虽减小体积却牺牲保真度且不支持音轨级访问。我们提出一种新型音频容器格式——茎干原生编码器（SNC），将音乐以独立编码的音轨加上低能量混音残差的形式存储。利用分离音轨相较于混合音频具有更低信息熵的特性，SNC在2:18测试曲目上相较FLAC实现38.2%的文件大小缩减（7.76 MB vs 12.55 MB），同时保持感知透明性（STOI = 0.996）。与现有格式不同，SNC支持上下文感知的自适应播放、空间音频渲染及用户可控混音，且无需额外存储开销。实验验证表明，音轨加残差架构成功解耦了压缩效率与功能丰富性的矛盾，为下一代音频分发系统提供了可行路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Current audio formats present a fundamental trade-off between file size and functionality: lossless formats like FLAC preserve quality but lack adaptability, while lossy formats reduce size at the cost of fidelity and offer no stem-level access.We introduce the Stem-Native Codec (SNC), a novel audio container format that stores music as independently encoded stems plus a low-energy mastering residual. By exploiting the lower information entropy of separated stems compared to mixed audio, SNC achieves a 38.2% file size reduction versus FLAC (7.76 MB vs. 12.55 MB for a 2:18 test track) while maintaining perceptual transparency (STOI = 0.996). Unlike existing formats, SNC enables context-aware adaptive playback, spatial audio rendering, and user-controlled remixing without requiring additional storage. Our experimental validation demonstrates that the stems-plus residual architecture successfully decouples the conflicting requirements of compression efficiency and feature richness, offering a practical path toward next-generation audio distribution systems.
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