提出可抵抗自适应攻击的即插即用防御方法,有效阻断黑盒评分攻击。
Dashed Line Defense: Plug-And-Play Defense Against Adaptive Score-Based Query Attacks
- 通过后处理引入损失值模糊性,干扰攻击者分析
- 在ImageNet上对自适应攻击仍保持高防御效果
- 无需模型参数,适合部署于任意深度模型
基于输出分数的查询攻击通过仅访问模型输出得分,迭代优化输入以生成对抗样本(AEs),对深度学习模型构成严重威胁。尽管近期运行时防御方法尝试通过输出扰动破坏该过程,但多数需访问模型参数,或在攻击者自适应策略下失效。本文首次揭示现有最先进的即插即用防御亦可被自适应攻击绕过,暴露当前运行时防御的关键缺陷。为此,我们提出Dashed Line Defense(DLD),一种专为抵御自适应查询策略设计的即插即用后处理方法。通过引入观察损失与真实对抗强度之间的模糊性,DLD使攻击者无法可靠分析和调整其查询策略,从而有效中断对抗样本生成过程。我们提供了DLD防御能力的理论保证,并在ImageNet上通过实验验证其有效性:即使面对最坏情况的自适应攻击,DLD仍持续优于先前防御方法,同时保持模型原始预测标签不变。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Score-based query attacks pose a serious threat to deep learning models by crafting adversarial examples (AEs) using only black-box access to model output scores, iteratively optimizing inputs based on observed loss values. While recent runtime defenses attempt to disrupt this process via output perturbation, most either require access to model parameters or fail when attackers adapt their tactics. In this paper, we first reveal that even the state-of-the-art plug-and-play defense can be bypassed by adaptive attacks, exposing a critical limitation of existing runtime defenses. We then propose Dashed Line Defense (DLD), a plug-and-play post-processing method specifically designed to withstand adaptive query strategies. By introducing ambiguity in how the observed loss reflects the true adversarial strength of candidate examples, DLD prevents attackers from reliably analyzing and adapting their queries, effectively disrupting the AE generation process. We provide theoretical guarantees of DLD's defense capability and validate its effectiveness through experiments on ImageNet, demonstrating that DLD consistently outperforms prior defenses--even under worst-case adaptive attacks--while preserving the model's predicted labels.
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