arXiv:2602.09015cs.CRcs.AI2026-02被引 2

构建首个统一多格式钓鱼附件数据集,支持五类文件检测。

CIC-Trap4Phish: A Unified Multi-Format Dataset for Phishing and Quishing Attachment Detection

  • 设计静态特征管道,无需执行即可提取文档结构、词法与元数据特征。
  • 各模型在五类文件上均实现高精度检测,尤其对二维码钓鱼效果显著。
  • 适合安全研究者训练通用恶意附件识别模型,提升防御能力。

网络钓鱼攻击是黑客常用的主要手段之一,常通过伪装邮件及恶意附件诱导用户泄露敏感信息或安装恶意软件,从而破坏整个系统。恶意附件的灵活性使其成为攻击者的首选载体,可在标准文档格式中嵌入恶意代码或链接。尽管邮件防御技术已有进步,攻击者仍持续滥用附件以绕过安全机制。此外,现有研究面临缺乏统一、全面的数据集问题,难以覆盖主流文件类型。为此,我们构建了CIC-Trap4Phish,一个包含五类常见钓鱼文件的多格式数据集:微软Word文档、Excel表格、PDF文件、HTML页面和二维码图像。针对前四类文件,提出无需执行的静态特征提取流程,捕获结构、词法与元数据特征;通过SHAP分析与特征重要性筛选出每类文件的紧凑判别特征子集。采用随机森林、XGBoost和决策树等轻量级模型验证,各类别均取得高检测准确率。对于二维码钓鱼(quishing),采用两种互补方法:基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的图像检测,以及使用轻量级语言模型对解码后URL进行词法分析。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Phishing attacks represents one of the primary attack methods which is used by cyber attackers. In many cases, attackers use deceptive emails along with malicious attachments to trick users into giving away sensitive information or installing malware while compromising entire systems. The flexibility of malicious email attachments makes them stand out as a preferred vector for attackers as they can embed harmful content such as malware or malicious URLs inside standard document formats. Although phishing email defenses have improved a lot, attackers continue to abuse attachments, enabling malicious content to bypass security measures. Moreover, another challenge that researches face in training advance models, is lack of an unified and comprehensive dataset that covers the most prevalent data types. To address this gap, we generated CIC-Trap4Phish, a multi-format dataset containing both malicious and benign samples across five categories commonly used in phishing campaigns: Microsoft Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, PDF files, HTML pages, and QR code images. For the first four file types, a set of execution-free static feature pipeline was proposed, designed to capture structural, lexical, and metadata-based indicators without the need to open or execute files. Feature selection was performed using a combination of SHAP analysis and feature importance, yielding compact, discriminative feature subsets for each file type. The selected features were evaluated by using lightweight machine learning models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Decision Tree. All models demonstrate high detection accuracy across formats. For QR code-based phishing (quishing), two complementary methods were implemented: image-based detection by employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and lexical analysis of decoded URLs using recent lightweight language models.

钓鱼检测多格式数据集静态分析二维码钓鱼

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