用轻量方法解决机器人长时操作中的分布不一致问题,实现全天候稳定执行。
$χ_{0}$: Resource-Aware Robust Manipulation via Taming Distributional Inconsistencies
- 通过权重融合、阶段奖励和时空对齐三策略缓解演示与执行间的分布差异
- 在仅20小时数据和8张A100 GPU下,成功率比前代高250%
- 适合资源有限但需高可靠性的工业级机器人协同任务
高可靠性长时程机器人操作传统依赖大规模数据与算力来理解复杂现实动态。我们发现,真实世界鲁棒性的主要瓶颈并非资源规模本身,而是人类示范分布、策略学习的归纳偏置与测试时执行分布之间的分布偏移——这种系统性不一致导致多阶段任务中误差累积。为此,我们提出 $χ_{0}$,一个资源高效的框架,通过三个核心技术支柱实现生产级鲁棒性:(i) Model Arithmetic,一种权重空间融合策略,能有效吸收不同示范中多样化分布(如物体外观、状态变化);(ii) Stage Advantage,一种阶段感知的优势估计器,提供稳定且密集的进展信号,克服以往非阶段方法的数值不稳定性;(iii) Train-Deploy Alignment,通过时空增强、启发式DAgger修正和时间分块平滑来弥合分布差距。$χ_{0}$ 使双臂机器人能协作完成从平整、折叠到挂衣等长时程衣物操作任务。实验表明,系统可从任意初始状态连续运行24小时无故障。在仅20小时数据和8张A100 GPU条件下,成功率达前代 $π_{0.5}$ 的2.5倍。代码、数据与模型将开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-reliability long-horizon robotic manipulation has traditionally relied on large-scale data and compute to understand complex real-world dynamics. However, we identify that the primary bottleneck to real-world robustness is not resource scale alone, but the distributional shift among the human demonstration distribution, the inductive bias learned by the policy, and the test-time execution distribution -- a systematic inconsistency that causes compounding errors in multi-stage tasks. To mitigate these inconsistencies, we propose $χ_{0}$, a resource-efficient framework with effective modules designated to achieve production-level robustness in robotic manipulation. Our approach builds off three technical pillars: (i) Model Arithmetic, a weight-space merging strategy that efficiently soaks up diverse distributions of different demonstrations, varying from object appearance to state variations; (ii) Stage Advantage, a stage-aware advantage estimator that provides stable, dense progress signals, overcoming the numerical instability of prior non-stage approaches; and (iii) Train-Deploy Alignment, which bridges the distribution gap via spatio-temporal augmentation, heuristic DAgger corrections, and temporal chunk-wise smoothing. $χ_{0}$ enables two sets of dual-arm robots to collaboratively orchestrate long-horizon garment manipulation, spanning tasks from flattening, folding, to hanging different clothes. Our method exhibits high-reliability autonomy; we are able to run the system from arbitrary initial state for consecutive 24 hours non-stop. Experiments validate that $χ_{0}$ surpasses the state-of-the-art $π_{0.5}$ in success rate by nearly 250%, with only 20-hour data and 8 A100 GPUs. Code, data and models will be released to facilitate the community.
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