机器人在多人观察下,既让友方看懂意图,又让敌方看不懂。
From Legible to Inscrutable Trajectories: (Il)legible Motion Planning Accounting for Multiple Observers
- 设计策略让轨迹对不同动机的观察者呈现不同可读性
- 针对部分可见的观察者,优化轨迹平衡信息暴露程度
- 适合多角色协作或对抗场景的智能体规划
在协作环境(如工厂、辅助场景)中,机器人需通过可读轨迹向观察者(人类或机器人)传达意图;在对抗环境(如军事行动、游戏)中,则需隐藏意图。当存在多个观察者时,他们可能仅能看到部分环境且动机各异。本文提出混合动机有限观测可读运动规划(MMLO-LMP)问题,要求运动规划器生成对正向动机观察者可读、对负向动机观察者不可读的轨迹,并考虑各观察者的可见区域限制。我们提出DUBIOUS轨迹优化器解决该问题,实验表明其能有效平衡不同观察者的动机与可见性约束。未来工作包括处理移动观察者和观察者协同等变体。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In cooperative environments, such as in factories or assistive scenarios, it is important for a robot to communicate its intentions to observers, who could be either other humans or robots. A legible trajectory allows an observer to quickly and accurately predict an agent's intention. In adversarial environments, such as in military operations or games, it is important for a robot to not communicate its intentions to observers. An illegible trajectory leads an observer to incorrectly predict the agent's intention or delays when an observer is able to make a correct prediction about the agent's intention. However, in some environments there are multiple observers, each of whom may be able to see only part of the environment, and each of whom may have different motives. In this work, we introduce the Mixed-Motive Limited-Observability Legible Motion Planning (MMLO-LMP) problem, which requires a motion planner to generate a trajectory that is legible to observers with positive motives and illegible to observers with negative motives while also considering the visibility limitations of each observer. We highlight multiple strategies an agent can take while still achieving the problem objective. We also present DUBIOUS, a trajectory optimizer that solves MMLO-LMP. Our results show that DUBIOUS can generate trajectories that balance legibility with the motives and limited visibility regions of the observers. Future work includes many variations of MMLO-LMP, including moving observers and observer teaming.
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