arXiv:2602.09368cs.RO2026-02被引 3

通过平滑动态建模,实现接触丰富操作的可认证安全控制。

Certified Gradient-Based Contact-Rich Manipulation via Smoothing-Error Reachable Tubes

  • 在可微仿真中平滑接触动力学与几何,生成可信赖梯度。
  • 量化模型误差并补偿,确保真实系统下约束满足率超基线。
  • 适合需高安全性的机器人接触操作任务,如精细抓取。

基于梯度的方法可通过可微仿真和物理先验高效优化控制器,但接触丰富的操作仍具挑战性,因混合接触动力学常导致梯度不连续或消失。尽管平滑动力学可恢复有效梯度,但由此产生的模型失配可能导致真实系统部署时控制器失效。本文提出一种方法:在平滑动力学上进行规划,同时显式量化并补偿引入的误差,在原始非光滑动力学下提供安全性和任务完成的正式保证。我们在基于凸优化的可微仿真器中对接触动力学和接触几何均进行平滑,将与非光滑动力学的偏差表征为集合值差异。通过解析可达集,将该差异融入时变仿射反馈策略的优化中,确保闭环混合系统的鲁棒约束满足,仅依赖平滑模型的有信息梯度。通过连接可微仿真与集合值鲁棒控制,本方法生成尊重接触单向性的仿射反馈策略。我们在平面推移、物体旋转及手部灵巧操作等多个接触丰富任务上评估,相比基线方法,实现了更高的约束满足率、更少的安全违规和更小的目标误差。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Gradient-based methods can efficiently optimize controllers by leveraging differentiable simulation and physical priors. However, contact-rich manipulation remains challenging because hybrid contact dynamics often produce discontinuous or vanishing gradients. Although smoothing the dynamics can restore informative gradients, the resulting model mismatch can cause controller failures when deployed on real systems. We address this trade-off by planning with smoothed dynamics while explicitly quantifying and compensating for the induced error, providing formal guarantees on safety and task completion under the original nonsmooth dynamics. Our approach applies smoothing to both contact dynamics and contact geometry within a differentiable simulator based on convex optimization, allowing us to characterize the deviation from the nonsmooth dynamics as a set-valued discrepancy. We incorporate this discrepancy into the optimization of time-varying affine feedback policies through analytical reachable sets, enabling robust constraint satisfaction for the closed-loop hybrid system while relying solely on the informative gradients of the smoothed model. By bridging differentiable simulation with set-valued robust control, our method produces affine feedback policies that respect the unilateral nature of contact. We evaluate our method on several contact-rich tasks, including planar pushing, object rotation, and in-hand dexterous manipulation, achieving certified constraint satisfaction with lower safety violations and smaller goal errors than baseline approaches.

机器人控制接触建模可认证可微仿真

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