用类比设计打破AI创作同质化，让人类与AI协作更创新
Beyond Input-Output: Rethinking Creativity through Design-by-Analogy in Human-AI Collaboration
- 把类比设计融入创作全流程，避免思维固化
- 分析85项研究，提炼出6种表现形式和7个创作阶段
- 适用于创意产业、智能制造与教育服务等场景
尽管基础模型显著提升了个人生产力，但也带来了创意内容趋同的风险。为此，我们重新审视设计类比（Design-by-Analogy, DbA）这一基于认知的策略，通过跨领域映射激发新解法。现有观点常将DbA局限于早期构思或特定数据模态，并将AI设计简化为输入输出流程，反而加剧了设计固化。本文通过系统梳理85项研究，识别出六种表现形式，对七阶段创作流程中的技术进行分类。进一步探讨其在创意产业、智能制造及教育服务三大领域的应用价值。在此基础上，将DbA视为人-机协作的中介技术，展望其在人机交互与设计研究中推动创造力支持的机遇与潜在风险。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While the proliferation of foundation models has significantly boosted individual productivity, it also introduces a potential challenge: the homogenization of creative content. In response, we revisit Design-by-Analogy (DbA), a cognitively grounded approach that fosters novel solutions by mapping inspiration across domains. However, prevailing perspectives often restrict DbA to early ideation or specific data modalities, while reducing AI-driven design to simplified input-output pipelines. Such conceptual limitations inadvertently foster widespread design fixation. To address this, we expand the understanding of DbA by embedding it into the entire creative process, thereby demonstrating its capacity to mitigate such fixation. Through a systematic review of 85 studies, we identify six forms of representation and classify techniques across seven stages of the creative process. We further discuss three major application domains: creative industries, intelligent manufacturing, and education and services, demonstrating DbA's practical relevance. Building on this synthesis, we frame DbA as a mediating technology for human-AI collaboration and outline the potential opportunities and inherent risks for advancing creativity support in HCI and design research.
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