arXiv:2602.09578cs.LG2026-02被引 2

为大模型多智能体强化学习设计了高效协同训练框架,显著提升速度与资源利用率。

Rollout-Training Co-Design for Efficient LLM-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

  • 采用解耦的推理-训练架构,通过联合调度器实现数据流高效管理
  • 实测在生产集群上速度提升7.3倍,硬件利用率提高5.6倍
  • 适合大规模基于大模型的多智能体系统研发与部署

尽管多智能体强化学习(MARL)在算法层面不断创新,但其大规模训练所依赖的网络化基础设施仍缺乏深入研究。现有框架主要针对单智能体场景优化,未能解决MARL特有的系统级挑战,包括推理-训练同步障碍、推理负载不均以及训练资源利用率低等问题。为此,我们提出FlexMARL,首个端到端的训练框架,全面优化大模型驱动的MARL中的推理、训练及其协同机制。具体而言,FlexMARL引入联合调度器,在推理-训练解耦架构下管理数据流;基于新型微批处理异步流水线的经验存储机制,消除同步障碍并保证强一致性;推理引擎采用并行采样与分层负载均衡策略,适应智能体间/内请求模式的不均衡性;训练引擎通过以智能体为中心的资源分配实现按需硬件绑定;不同智能体的训练状态通过统一且位置无关的通信机制进行交换。在大规模生产集群上的实验表明,FlexMARL相比现有框架最高可实现7.3倍加速,硬件利用率提升达5.6倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Despite algorithm-level innovations for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the underlying networked infrastructure for large-scale MARL training remains underexplored. Existing training frameworks primarily optimize for single-agent scenarios and fail to address the unique system-level challenges of MARL, including rollout-training synchronization barriers, rollout load imbalance, and training resource underutilization. To bridge this gap, we propose FlexMARL, the first end-to-end training framework that holistically optimizes rollout, training, and their orchestration for large-scale LLM-based MARL. Specifically, FlexMARL introduces the joint orchestrator to manage data flow under the rollout-training disaggregated architecture. Building upon the experience store, a novel micro-batch driven asynchronous pipeline eliminates the synchronization barriers while providing strong consistency guarantees. Rollout engine adopts a parallel sampling scheme combined with hierarchical load balancing, which adapts to skewed inter/intra-agent request patterns. Training engine achieves on-demand hardware binding through agent-centric resource allocation. The training states of different agents are swapped via unified and location-agnostic communication. Empirical results on a large-scale production cluster demonstrate that FlexMARL achieves up to 7.3x speedup and improves hardware utilization by up to 5.6x compared to existing frameworks.

多智能体大模型强化学习系统优化

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