用语言模型内部特征做奖励,让模型自动减少幻觉。
Features as Rewards: Scalable Supervision for Open-Ended Tasks via Interpretability
- 用可解释性识别幻觉候选,作为强化学习的奖励信号
- 在Gemma-3-12B-IT上使幻觉率降低58%且保持基准性能
- 适合需要自适应纠错的开放任务,如内容生成与审核
大规模训练的语言模型会习得编码抽象概念(如事实性、意图)的特征。这些特征传统上用于测试阶段监控或引导。本文提出新思路:将特征用作开放任务的可扩展监督信号。以减少幻觉这一开放目标为例,设计了名为RLFR(基于特征奖励的强化学习)的管道,利用特征作为奖励函数。该方法基于一个新型探测框架,识别可能的幻觉陈述,并教会模型在不确定事实性时主动干预修正输出。此外,该管道还支持可扩展的测试时计算,同样由奖励特征引导。在Gemma-3-12B-IT上的端到端实现表明,该策略使模型幻觉概率相比原模型降低58%(配合探测工具运行时),同时保持标准基准性能。通过将监督建立在特征语言之上,本文引入了一种利用可解释性学习开放任务的新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Language models trained on large-scale datasets have been shown to learn features that encode abstract concepts such as factuality or intent. Such features are traditionally used for test-time monitoring or steering. We present an alternative affordance: features as scalable supervision for open-ended tasks. We consider the case of hallucination-reduction as a desirable, yet open-ended behavior and design a reinforcement learning (RL) pipeline, titled RLFR (Reinforcement Learning from Feature Rewards), that uses features as reward functions. Grounded in a novel probing framework that identifies candidate hallucinated claims, our pipeline teaches a model to intervene and correct its completions when it is uncertain of their factuality. Furthermore, the pipeline enables scalable test-time compute, guided once more by our reward features. This end-to-end process operationalized on Gemma-3-12B-IT results in a policy that is 58% less likely to hallucinate compared to the original model (when run in tandem with our probing harness), while preserving performance on standard benchmarks. Taken together, by grounding supervision in the language of features, this paper introduces a novel paradigm in the use of interpretability for learning open-ended tasks.
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