提出人形机器人共存设计框架，解决人机协作中的行为与信任问题。
Humanoid Factors: Design Principles for AI Humanoids in Human Worlds
- 构建物理、认知、社会、伦理四支柱框架，指导人形机器人设计。
- 实证显示传统任务指标忽略人机交互中的认知与社交需求。
- 适合机器人设计、人机交互与AI治理领域的研究者参考。
人因工程长期聚焦于优化环境、工具与系统以适配人类表现。随着人形机器人开始进入工作场所、家庭与公共空间，设计挑战随之扩大。我们不仅需考虑人类因素，还需关注人形机器人的特性，因二者将在同一环境中共存并互动。不同于传统机器，人形机器人引入了类人行为、沟通与社会存在感的期待，重塑了可用性、信任与安全的考量。本文提出「人形因素」框架，围绕物理、认知、社会与伦理四大支柱，指导人形机器人有效与人类共存与协作。该框架刻画了人类能力与由大模型驱动的通用型人形机器人能力之间的重叠与差异。为验证框架实用性，我们将其应用于真实人形机器人控制算法的评估，揭示传统任务完成度指标忽视了关键的人类认知与交互原则。因此，人形因素可作为人机持续共存的设计、评估与治理的基础框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human factors research has long focused on optimizing environments, tools, and systems to account for human performance. Yet, as humanoid robots begin to share our workplaces, homes, and public spaces, the design challenge expands. We must now consider not only factors for humans but also factors for humanoids, since both will coexist and interact within the same environments. Unlike conventional machines, humanoids introduce expectations of human-like behavior, communication, and social presence, which reshape usability, trust, and safety considerations. In this article, we introduce the concept of humanoid factors as a framework structured around four pillars - physical, cognitive, social, and ethical - that shape the development of humanoids to help them effectively coexist and collaborate with humans. This framework characterizes the overlap and divergence between human capabilities and those of general-purpose humanoids powered by AI foundation models. To demonstrate our framework's practical utility, we then apply the framework to evaluate a real-world humanoid control algorithm, illustrating how conventional task completion metrics in robotics overlook key human cognitive and interaction principles. We thus position humanoid factors as a foundational framework for designing, evaluating, and governing sustained human-humanoid coexistence.
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