arXiv:2602.10489cs.LGcs.AI2026-02中稿 · ICLR被引 2

自适应对齐图数据分布差异,无需手动设计特征筛选规则。

Learning Adaptive Distribution Alignment with Neural Characteristic Function for Graph Domain Adaptation

  • 用神经谱特征函数自动识别关键分布差异并联合对齐
  • 在10个数据集16个任务中超越现有方法,训练更快内存更少
  • 适合处理复杂多变的跨图域迁移场景

图域适应(GDA)将标注源图的知识迁移到无标签目标图,但面临复杂多维的分布偏移挑战。现有方法通过人工选择图元素(如节点属性或结构统计量)进行对齐,需预先设计图滤波器提取特征,灵活性差且依赖特定场景启发式规则。为此,我们提出自适应分布对齐框架ADAlign,无需手动指定对齐标准,可自动识别每项迁移任务中最相关的差异并联合对齐,捕捉属性、结构及其依赖关系的相互作用。为实现自适应性,引入理论严谨的神经谱差异(NSD),利用谱域中的神经特征函数编码任意阶特征-结构依赖关系,同时通过可学习频率采样器在极小极大范式下自适应强调最具信息量的谱成分。在10个数据集和16个迁移任务上的大量实验表明,ADAlign不仅显著优于当前最优基线,还实现了更低内存占用与更快训练速度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph Domain Adaptation (GDA) transfers knowledge from labeled source graphs to unlabeled target graphs but is challenged by complex, multi-faceted distributional shifts. Existing methods attempt to reduce distributional shifts by aligning manually selected graph elements (e.g., node attributes or structural statistics), which typically require manually designed graph filters to extract relevant features before alignment. However, such approaches are inflexible: they rely on scenario-specific heuristics, and struggle when dominant discrepancies vary across transfer scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{ADAlign}, an Adaptive Distribution Alignment framework for GDA. Unlike heuristic methods, ADAlign requires no manual specification of alignment criteria. It automatically identifies the most relevant discrepancies in each transfer and aligns them jointly, capturing the interplay between attributes, structures, and their dependencies. This makes ADAlign flexible, scenario-aware, and robust to diverse and dynamically evolving shifts. To enable this adaptivity, we introduce the Neural Spectral Discrepancy (NSD), a theoretically principled parametric distance that provides a unified view of cross-graph shifts. NSD leverages neural characteristic function in the spectral domain to encode feature-structure dependencies of all orders, while a learnable frequency sampler adaptively emphasizes the most informative spectral components for each task via minimax paradigm. Extensive experiments on 10 datasets and 16 transfer tasks show that ADAlign not only outperforms state-of-the-art baselines but also achieves efficiency gains with lower memory usage and faster training.

图神经网络域适应自适应

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