arXiv:2602.10561cs.RO2026-02中稿 · ICRA

让异构模块机器人自动组装并实时控制,无需预先编程。

Morphogenetic Assembly and Adaptive Control for Heterogeneous Modular Robots

  • 分层规划:高层用双向启发式搜索,底层用A*优化动作轨迹。
  • 实测50Hz实时控制,比传统方法快且更稳定。
  • 适合需要自适应重构的复杂场景,如救援或太空探索。

本文提出一个闭环自动化框架,实现异构模块机器人的全流程自主:从形态构建到自适应控制。移动机械臂协同处理结构、关节和轮式模块,动态组装多样化机器人构型,并立即赋予其运动能力。针对大规模异构重构中的状态空间爆炸问题,设计分层规划器:高层采用带类型惩罚项的双向启发式搜索生成模块操作序列,底层通过A*搜索计算最优执行轨迹,有效解耦离散配置规划与连续运动执行。针对未知构型的自适应运动生成,引入基于GPU加速的退火-方差模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制器,通过多阶段方差退火策略平衡全局探索与局部收敛,实现配置无关的实时控制。大规模仿真表明,类型惩罚项对异构场景下的规划鲁棒性至关重要;贪心启发式生成的计划物理执行成本低于匈牙利启发式。所提退火-方差MPPI在速度跟踪精度与控制频率上显著优于标准MPPI,达到50Hz实时控制。框架验证了模块组装、机器人合并/分裂及动态运动生成的全周期可行性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper presents a closed-loop automation framework for heterogeneous modular robots, covering the full pipeline from morphological construction to adaptive control. In this framework, a mobile manipulator handles heterogeneous functional modules including structural, joint, and wheeled modules to dynamically assemble diverse robot configurations and provide them with immediate locomotion capability. To address the state-space explosion in large-scale heterogeneous reconfiguration, we propose a hierarchical planner: the high-level planner uses a bidirectional heuristic search with type-penalty terms to generate module-handling sequences, while the low level planner employs A* search to compute optimal execution trajectories. This design effectively decouples discrete configuration planning from continuous motion execution. For adaptive motion generation of unknown assembled configurations, we introduce a GPU accelerated Annealing-Variance Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) controller. By incorporating a multi stage variance annealing strategy to balance global exploration and local convergence, the controller enables configuration-agnostic, real-time motion control. Large scale simulations show that the type-penalty term is critical for planning robustness in heterogeneous scenarios. Moreover, the greedy heuristic produces plans with lower physical execution costs than the Hungarian heuristic. The proposed annealing-variance MPPI significantly outperforms standard MPPI in both velocity tracking accuracy and control frequency, achieving real time control at 50 Hz. The framework validates the full-cycle process, including module assembly, robot merging and splitting, and dynamic motion generation.

模块化机器人自重构实时控制路径规划

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