用价值引导采样,让推荐模型更敢探索高回报但低概率的选项。
Spend Search Where It Pays: Value-Guided Structured Sampling and Optimization for Generative Recommendation
- 通过价值引导的解码策略,聚焦有潜力的推荐路径,避免盲目搜索。
- 在严格延迟约束下,推荐准确率和候选集多样性均超越现有方法。
- 适合追求高质量推荐与高效计算平衡的工业级推荐系统应用。
基于自回归模型的生成式推荐将检索与排序统一到单一条件生成框架中。然而,使用强化学习(RL)微调此类模型时常面临概率-奖励不匹配的根本问题。传统以似然为主导的解码方式(如束搜索)具有短视偏差,倾向于选择局部高概率前缀,导致两个关键缺陷:(1) 探索不足,高回报但低概率分支中的项目被过早剪枝,极少被采样;(2) 优势压缩,共享高概率前缀的轨迹获得高度相关的奖励,组内方差小,难以提供有效的强化学习比较信号。为此,我们提出 V-STAR,一种价值引导的采样与树结构优势强化框架。V-STAR 通过两个协同组件形成自演化循环:首先,设计价值引导的高效解码(VED),识别关键决策节点并选择性深化高潜力前缀,提升探索效率而不必进行全树搜索;其次,提出兄弟相对优势的 GRPO(Sibling-GRPO),利用生成树结构计算兄弟节点间的相对优势,将学习信号集中于关键分支决策。在离线与在线数据集上的大量实验表明,V-STAR 显著优于现有最优基线,在严格延迟约束下实现了更高的推荐准确率与候选集多样性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative recommendation via autoregressive models has unified retrieval and ranking into a single conditional generation framework. However, fine-tuning these models with Reinforcement Learning (RL) often suffers from a fundamental probability-reward mismatch. Conventional likelihood-dominated decoding (e.g., beam search) exhibits a myopic bias toward locally probable prefixes, which causes two critical failures: (1) insufficient exploration, where high-reward items in low-probability branches are prematurely pruned and rarely sampled, and (2) advantage compression, where trajectories sharing high-probability prefixes receive highly correlated rewards with low within-group variance, yielding a weak comparative signal for RL. To address these challenges, we propose V-STAR, a Value-guided Sampling and Tree-structured Advantage Reinforcement framework. V-STAR forms a self-evolving loop via two synergistic components. First, a Value-Guided Efficient Decoding (VED) is developed to identify decisive nodes and selectively deepen high-potential prefixes. This improves exploration efficiency without exhaustive tree search. Second, we propose Sibling-GRPO, which exploits the induced tree topology to compute sibling-relative advantages and concentrates learning signals on decisive branching decisions. Extensive experiments on both offline and online datasets demonstrate that V-STAR outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, delivering superior accuracy and candidate-set diversity under strict latency constraints.
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