用计算方法揭示自闭症者经历的不可预测性,发现其情感体验更负面。
Computational Phenomenology of Temporal Experience in Autism: Quantifying the Emotional and Narrative Characteristics of Lived Unpredictability
- 结合访谈与文本分析,量化自闭症者对时间的主观感受。
- 自闭症叙事中'即时性与突发性'词汇情感值显著更低。
- 研究支持体验不可预测性是核心问题,非叙述方式导致。
自闭症的核心特征之一是时间感知异常,如与社会环境脱节及体验不可预测性,深刻影响人际互动。现有研究受限于缺陷模型主导、质性研究样本量小,以及计算研究缺乏现象学基础。为此,本研究整合三种方法:研究A采用跨诊断时间体验评估工具,对自闭症个体进行结构化现象学访谈;研究B构建专用于本研究的自闭症叙事语料库,进行计算分析;研究C复现一项计算研究,使用叙事流指标评估自闭症自传体文本的感知真实性。访谈显示,自闭症组与对照组最显著差异在于体验不可预测性。计算结果呼应此发现:自闭症叙事中的时间词汇情感值显著更低,尤其在'即时性与突发性'类别。异常值分析指出'不可预测地'、'突然地'、'骤然地'等词关联高度负面情感。叙事流分析表明,该语料库中的自闭症叙事在量化上更接近真实自传,而非虚构故事。总体表明,自闭症者的时空挑战主要源于生活体验内容本身,而非叙述建构方式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Disturbances in temporality, such as desynchronization with the social environment and its unpredictability, are considered core features of autism with a deep impact on relationships. However, limitations regarding research on this issue include: 1) the dominance of deficit-based medical models of autism, 2) sample size in qualitative research, and 3) the lack of phenomenological anchoring in computational research. To bridge the gap between phenomenological and computational approaches and overcome sample-size limitations, our research integrated three methodologies. Study A: structured phenomenological interviews with autistic individuals using the Transdiagnostic Assessment of Temporal Experience. Study B: computational analysis of an autobiographical corpus of autistic narratives built for this purpose. Study C: a replication of a computational study using narrative flow measures to assess the perceived phenomenological authenticity of autistic autobiographies. Interviews revealed that the most significant differences between the autistic and control groups concerned unpredictability of experience. Computational results mirrored these findings: the temporal lexicon in autistic narratives was significantly more negatively valenced - particularly the "Immediacy & Suddenness" category. Outlier analysis identified terms associated with perceived discontinuity (unpredictably, precipitously, and abruptly) as highly negative. The computational analysis of narrative flow found that the autistic narratives contained within the corpus quantifiably resemble autobiographical stories more than imaginary ones. Overall, the temporal challenges experienced by autistic individuals were shown to primarily concern lived unpredictability and stem from the contents of lived experience, and not from autistic narrative construction.
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