arXiv:2602.10964cs.AI2026-02

LLM生成的菜谱无法真实反映文化差异,反而夸大创新导致失真。

Can LLMs Cook Jamaican Couscous? A Study of Cultural Novelty in Recipe Generation

  • 用跨国菜谱对比测试模型跨文化适应能力
  • 模型生成菜谱与文化距离无关,偏离真实差异
  • 适合关注AI文化偏见与内容伦理的研究者

大型语言模型(LLMs)被广泛用于生成和塑造文化内容,从叙事写作到艺术创作。尽管这些模型展现出出色的流畅性和生成能力,但已有研究指出它们存在系统性文化偏差,引发对刻板印象、同质化及文化表达消亡的担忧。理解LLMs能否在主流文化之外实现有意义的文化适配,仍是关键挑战。本文以食谱生成为切入点,考察文化适应问题——这一领域融合了文化、传统与创造力。基于 extit{GlobalFusion}数据集,该数据集按文化距离匹配不同国家的人类食谱,我们使用多个LLMs生成对应国家的食谱,实现人类与模型在跨文化创作中的直接对比。分析显示,LLMs未能生成具有文化代表性的适配食谱;其生成食谱的差异程度与文化距离无关。我们进一步揭示原因:模型内部表征中文化信息弱,错误理解创造性与传统,难以识别目标国家,也无法依托关键食材等文化显著元素进行落地。这些发现凸显当前LLMs在文化导向生成中的根本局限,对文化敏感型应用具有重要启示。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate and shape cultural content, ranging from narrative writing to artistic production. While these models demonstrate impressive fluency and generative capacity, prior work has shown that they also exhibit systematic cultural biases, raising concerns about stereotyping, homogenization, and the erasure of culturally specific forms of expression. Understanding whether LLMs can meaningfully align with diverse cultures beyond the dominant ones remains a critical challenge. In this paper, we study cultural adaptation in LLMs through the lens of cooking recipes, a domain in which culture, tradition, and creativity are tightly intertwined. We build on the \textit{GlobalFusion} dataset, which pairs human recipes from different countries according to established measures of cultural distance. Using the same country pairs, we generate culturally adapted recipes with multiple LLMs, enabling a direct comparison between human and LLM behavior in cross-cultural content creation. Our analysis shows that LLMs fail to produce culturally representative adaptations. Unlike humans, the divergence of their generated recipes does not correlate with cultural distance. We further provide explanations for this gap. We show that cultural information is weakly preserved in internal model representations, that models inflate novelty in their production by misunderstanding notions such as creativity and tradition, and that they fail to identify adaptation with its associated countries and to ground it in culturally salient elements such as ingredients. These findings highlight fundamental limitations of current LLMs for culturally oriented generation and have important implications for their use in culturally sensitive applications.

文化生成语言模型偏见分析

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