轻量级干扰检测模型,让智能设备边端安全运行。
GAC-KAN: An Ultra-Lightweight GNSS Interference Classifier for GenAI-Powered Consumer Edge Devices
- 用物理仿真生成海量干扰数据,解决真实数据少问题。
- 模型仅0.13万参数,准确率达98.0%,比ViT少660倍。
- 适合在资源紧张的智能穿戴、无人机等设备上长期运行。
生成式AI(GenAI)在消费电子设备中的应用正重塑用户体验,从可穿戴设备的AI助手到无人飞行器的生成式规划。然而,这些应用对边缘硬件带来巨大计算负担,导致可用于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号保护等基础安全任务的资源极为有限。同时,由于真实干扰数据稀缺,训练鲁棒分类器面临挑战。为此,本文提出GAC-KAN框架:首先采用物理引导的仿真方法生成大规模高保真干扰数据集,缓解数据瓶颈;其次设计多尺度伪影-自适应卷积-坐标(MS-GAC)主干网络,结合非对称卷积块(ACB)与伪影模块,在极低冗余下提取丰富的频时特征;最后以可学习样条激活函数的柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德网络(KAN)替代传统MLP决策头,实现更优非线性映射。实验表明,GAC-KAN整体准确率达98.0%,显著优于现有基线。模型仅含0.13百万参数,约为视觉变换器(ViT)基线的1/660。其极致轻量化特性使其成为理想的“始终开启”式安全伴侣,保障GNSS可靠性,且不抢占主GenAI任务所需计算资源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into Consumer Electronics (CE)--from AI-powered assistants in wearables to generative planning in autonomous Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)--has revolutionized user experiences. However, these GenAI applications impose immense computational burdens on edge hardware, leaving strictly limited resources for fundamental security tasks like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal protection. Furthermore, training robust classifiers for such devices is hindered by the scarcity of real-world interference data. To address the dual challenges of data scarcity and the extreme efficiency required by the GenAI era, this paper proposes a novel framework named GAC-KAN. First, we adopt a physics-guided simulation approach to synthesize a large-scale, high-fidelity jamming dataset, mitigating the data bottleneck. Second, to reconcile high accuracy with the stringent resource constraints of GenAI-native chips, we design a Multi-Scale Ghost-ACB-Coordinate (MS-GAC) backbone. This backbone combines Asymmetric Convolution Blocks (ACB) and Ghost modules to extract rich spectral-temporal features with minimal redundancy. Replacing the traditional Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) decision head, we introduce a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN), which employs learnable spline activation functions to achieve superior non-linear mapping capabilities with significantly fewer parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that GAC-KAN achieves an overall accuracy of 98.0\%, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines. Significantly, the model contains only 0.13 million parameter--approximately 660 times fewer than Vision Transformer (ViT) baselines. This extreme lightweight characteristic makes GAC-KAN an ideal "always-on" security companion, ensuring GNSS reliability without contending for the computational resources required by primary GenAI tasks.
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