探索心智理论如何让日常AI更懂人，设计更贴合真实使用场景。
Situated, Dynamic, and Subjective: Envisioning the Design of Theory-of-Mind-Enabled Everyday AI with Industry Practitioners
- AI需在社会情境中理解用户心理状态
- 要能动态响应用户心理变化过程
- 应关注个体差异，实现个性化交互
心智理论（ToM）——通过可观察线索推断他人想法（如意图）的能力——被认为是人类社交互动的基础。尽管学界正积极构建和评估AI的ToM能力，但其如何转化为日常用户面向AI产品与服务的设计和体验仍不明确。我们与26位美国AI从业者开展了13次联合设计工作坊，旨在构想、反思并提炼出既具前瞻性又扎根于实际开发实践的ToM赋能型日常AI设计建议。分析揭示了三个相互关联的设计原则：1）ToM赋能的AI应嵌入塑造用户心理状态的社会情境；2）需能响应心理状态的动态变化；3）应敏锐感知个体主观差异。各原则中的设计张力暴露了从业者对未来设想与当前开发现实之间的广泛差距。研究呼吁超越静态、以推断为核心的ToM范式，转向支持持续人机交互循环的普遍化能力设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Theory of Mind (ToM) -- the ability to infer what others are thinking (e.g., intentions) from observable cues -- is traditionally considered fundamental to human social interactions. This has sparked growing efforts in building and benchmarking AI's ToM capability, yet little is known about how such capability could translate into the design and experience of everyday user-facing AI products and services. We conducted 13 co-design sessions with 26 U.S.-based AI practitioners to envision, reflect, and distill design recommendations for ToM-enabled everyday AI products and services that are both future-looking and grounded in the realities of AI design and development practices. Analysis revealed three interrelated design recommendations: ToM-enabled AI should 1) be situated in the social context that shape users' mental states, 2) be responsive to the dynamic nature of mental states, and 3) be attuned to subjective individual differences. We surface design tensions within each recommendation that reveal a broader gap between practitioners' envisioned futures of ToM-enabled AI and the realities of current AI design and development practices. These findings point toward the need to move beyond static, inference-driven approach to ToM and toward designing ToM as a pervasive capability that supports continuous human-AI interaction loops.
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