提出解算器新框架,让模型在任意形状上精准预测物理场。
ArGEnT: Arbitrary Geometry-encoded Transformer for Operator Learning
- 用注意力机制分离几何编码与求解点,支持任意形状输入。
- 跨注意力设计使预测误差降低超10倍,训练成本更低。
- 适合流体、固体力学等复杂物理系统的快速仿真与泛化建模。
在任意几何上学习解算子仍是科学机器学习的核心挑战,尤其适用于多查询模拟、物理信息学习及动态几何场景,需在任意空间位置实现准确且几何感知的预测。现有方法通常依赖结构化离散化、显式几何参数化或点云表示,将几何表达与求解采样耦合,限制了对不规则和非参数化域的灵活性。本文提出任意几何编码变换器(ArGEnT),一种几何条件注意力框架,实现几何编码与查询点评估的解耦。开发了自注意力、交叉注意力和混合注意力三种变体。ArGEnT可独立使用或集成至神经算子中,以融入非几何物理输入。在交叉注意力变体中,几何由独立采样的点云构建键与值,而任意解求点构成查询。该设计实现网格无关的场预测,降低对查询点分布的敏感性,并允许紧凑几何表征条件大规模解评估。在流体动力学、固体力学和电化学系统等多个基准测试中,ArGEnT在精度与泛化能力上持续优于标准DeepONet、基于点云的算子学习方法及几何感知变压器基线。部分情况下,预测误差降低超过一个数量级,同时训练成本显著低于基于变压器的基线。结果表明,解耦的几何-查询注意力提供了一种准确、可扩展且灵活的任意几何算子学习框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning solution operators on arbitrary geometries remains a central challenge in scientific machine learning, especially for many-query simulation, physics-informed learning, and evolving geometries requiring accurate, geometry-aware predictions at arbitrary spatial locations. Existing operator-learning methods often rely on structured discretizations, explicit geometry parameterizations, or point-cloud formulations that couple geometric representation with solution-query sampling, limiting flexibility on irregular and non-parameterized domains. We propose the Arbitrary Geometry-encoded Transformer (ArGEnT), a geometry-conditioned attention framework that decouples geometry encoding from query-point evaluation. We develop three variants: self-attention, cross-attention, and hybrid-attention. ArGEnT can be used independently or integrated with neural operators to incorporate non-geometric physical inputs. In the cross-attention variant, geometry is represented by an independently sampled point cloud used to construct keys and values, while arbitrary solution-query points construct queries. This design enables mesh-independent field prediction, reduces sensitivity to query-point distribution, and allows compact geometric representations to condition large-scale solution evaluations. Across benchmarks in fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and electrochemical systems, ArGEnT consistently improves accuracy and generalization over standard DeepONet, point-cloud-based operator learning, and geometry-aware transformer baselines. In several cases, it reduces prediction errors by more than an order of magnitude while requiring substantially lower training cost than transformer-based baselines. These results demonstrate that decoupled geometry-query attention provides an accurate, scalable, and flexible framework for operator learning on arbitrary geometries.
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