arXiv:2602.11641cs.LG2026-02KDD

用大模型提升文本图的异常检测,同时兼顾结构与语义信息。

Both Topology and Text Matter: Revisiting LLM-guided Out-of-Distribution Detection on Text-attributed Graphs

  • 通过融合图结构与文本语义,生成细粒度节点表示。
  • 在6个数据集上将误报率降低7%以上,优于现有方法。
  • 无需复杂架构,可直接接入已有检测器,适合工程落地。

文本属性图(TAGs)将节点与文本特征和图结构相结合,使图神经网络(GNNs)能联合建模语义与结构信息。尽管在分布内(ID)数据上表现良好,但面对分布外(OOD)节点时,尤其是具有未见文本或结构模式的节点,GNNs常产生过度自信的预测且缺乏可靠的异常检测能力。现有拓扑驱动方法虽通过邻域结构缓解节点级偏差,但通常仅将文本编码为浅层特征,未能充分利用语义信息。近期基于大模型(LLM)的方法则从文本知识中合成伪分布外先验,但仍存在两大局限:(1) 可靠性与信息量之间的权衡,生成的分布外暴露要么偏离真实分布外语义,要么引入大量分布内噪声;(2) 依赖专用架构,难以兼容已验证的拓扑级改进。为此,我们提出LG-Plug——一种用于文本属性图分布外检测的LLM引导即插即用框架。LG-Plug通过对齐拓扑与文本表示,获得细粒度节点嵌入,并利用聚类迭代提示构建共识驱动的分布外暴露。为降低大模型调用成本,其进一步采用轻量级簇内码本与启发式采样策略。生成的分布外暴露作为正则项,可有效分离分布内与分布外节点,实现与现有检测器的无缝集成。在六个文本属性图基准上的实验表明,LG-Plug持续提升拓扑驱动型分布外检测器(FPR95降低超7%),并超越先前基于大模型的方法(FPR95降低超5%)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) associate nodes with textual attributes and graph structure, enabling GNNs to jointly model semantic and structural information. Although effective on in-distribution (ID) data, GNNs often fail on out-of-distribution (OOD) nodes with unseen textual or structural patterns, producing overconfident predictions without reliable OOD detection. Existing topology-driven methods mitigate node-level bias through neighboring structures, but typically encode texts as shallow features, underutilizing semantic information. Recent LLM-based approaches instead synthesize pseudo OOD priors from textual knowledge, yet suffer from two key limitations: (1) a trade-off between reliability and informativeness, where generated OOD exposures either deviate from true OOD semantics or introduce substantial ID noise; and (2) dependence on specialized architectures, limiting compatibility with topology-level advances validated in prior work. To address these issues, we propose LG-Plug, an LLM-Guided Plug-and-play framework for TAG OOD detection. LG-Plug aligns topology and text representations to obtain fine-grained node embeddings, then constructs consensus-driven OOD exposure through clustered iterative LLM prompting. To reduce LLM query cost, it further adopts lightweight in-cluster codebooks and heuristic sampling. The generated OOD exposure acts as a regularizer that separates ID and OOD nodes, enabling seamless integration with existing detectors. Experiments on six TAG benchmarks demonstrate that LG-Plug consistently improves topology-driven OOD detectors (>7% FPR95 reduction) and surpasses prior LLM-based methods (>5% FPR95 reduction).

图神经网络异常检测大模型文本图

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。