为低轨卫星网络设计高匿名通信架构,解决隐私泄露与链路不稳问题。
Reliable and Private Anonymous Routing for Satellite Constellations
- 用纠删码实现多路径传输,应对卫星链路频繁中断
- 引入轻量级私有信息检索,降低路由发现时的隐私暴露
- 动态延迟策略平衡匿名性与延迟,适合商用卫星网络
共享、动态的网络基础设施(如双用途低轨卫星星座)对元数据隐私构成重大威胁,尤其在混合信任环境中。本文提出改进的匿名架构,基于Loopix混洗网络,增强在不稳定拓扑下的安全与可靠性。主要贡献包括:(1) 采用$(n, k)$纠删码的多路径传输协议,有效应对高链路波动和间歇连接导致的传统混洗网络不可靠问题;(2) 在路由发现阶段集成计算高效的私有信息检索(PIR)协议;(3) 引入基于中心性的自适应延迟策略,缓解低轨网络固有的拓扑偏差,实现更优的匿名性-延迟权衡。该机制可证明防止用户-服务目录中的元数据泄露,抵御追踪与关联攻击。通过高保真包级仿真验证了该架构,实测表明多路径传输几乎零消息丢失,建立了可靠性和带宽开销之间的量化权衡。微基准测试进一步量化了PIR协议的计算与延迟开销,证实其具备实际部署可行性。本工作为可部署的高匿名通信系统提供了验证蓝图,证明在大规模商业网络基础设施中安全复用敏感操作的可行性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Shared, dynamic network infrastructures, such as dual-use LEO satellite constellations, pose critical threats to metadata privacy, particularly for state actors operating in mixed-trust environments. This work proposes an enhanced anonymity architecture, evolving the Loopix mix-network, to provide robust security and reliability in these volatile topologies. We introduce three primary contributions: (1) A multi-path transport protocol utilizing $(n, k)$ erasure codes, which is demonstrated to counteract the high link volatility and intermittent connectivity that renders standard mix-networks unreliable. (2) The integration of a computationally efficient Private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocol during route discovery. (3) The introduction of adaptive, centrality-based delay strategies that efficiently mitigate the inherent topological bias of LEO networks, providing a superior anonymity-to-latency trade-off. This mechanism provably prevents metadata leakage at the user-provider directory, mitigating profiling and correlation attacks. We validate this architecture via high-fidelity, packet-level simulations of a LEO constellation. Empirical results show our multi-path transport achieves near-zero message loss, establishing a quantifiable trade-off between reliability and bandwidth overhead. Furthermore, microbenchmarks of the PIR protocol quantify its computational and latency overheads, confirming its feasibility for practical deployment. This work provides a validated blueprint for deployable high-anonymity communication systems, demonstrating the viability of securely multiplexing sensitive operations within large-scale commercial network infrastructures.
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