arXiv:2602.12029cs.LGcs.DC2026-02被引 1

多模型共享预填充计算,降低延迟并提升吞吐。

PrefillShare: A Shared Prefill Module for KV Reuse in Multi-LLM Disaggregated Serving

  • 将模型拆分为预填充与解码模块,共享同一预填充结果
  • 在多模型任务中实现4.5倍更低的95%延迟和3.9倍更高吞吐
  • 适用于需多个模型协作的复杂任务系统

多智能体系统常调用多个专用语言模型解决复杂现实问题,且常基于共享上下文。该模式导致各模型重复处理相同提示前缀,造成预填充阶段冗余计算及独立的键值(KV)缓存,加剧了现有大模型服务架构中的预填充-解码干扰,增加总体预填充负载并恶化尾部延迟。去耦合服务通过将预填充与解码部署于不同GPU上缓解此问题,但未从根本上消除多模型间对相同提示的计算与存储冗余。为此,我们提出PrefillShare:一种在去耦合环境下实现多模型间预填充共享的新算法。PrefillShare将模型分解为预填充与解码模块,冻结预填充模块并仅微调解码模块,使多个任务特定模型可共享预填充模块及对应生成的KV缓存。我们进一步设计路由机制,在基于vLLM的去耦合系统中支持异构模型间的高效预填充共享。PrefillShare在广泛任务与模型上达到全微调精度,且在多模型代理工作负载中实现4.5倍更低的p95延迟与3.9倍更高的吞吐量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent systems increasingly orchestrate multiple specialized language models to solve complex real-world problems, often invoking them over a shared context. This execution pattern repeatedly processes the same prompt prefix across models. Consequently, each model redundantly executes the prefill stage and maintains its own key-value (KV) cache, increasing aggregate prefill load and worsening tail latency by intensifying prefill-decode interference in existing LLM serving stacks. Disaggregated serving reduces such interference by placing prefill and decode on separate GPUs, but disaggregation does not fundamentally eliminate inter-model redundancy in computation and KV storage for the same prompt. To address this issue, we propose PrefillShare, a novel algorithm that enables sharing the prefill stage across multiple models in a disaggregated setting. PrefillShare factorizes the model into prefill and decode modules, freezes the prefill module, and fine-tunes only the decode module. This design allows multiple task-specific models to share a prefill module and the KV cache generated for the same prompt. We further introduce a routing mechanism that enables effective prefill sharing across heterogeneous models in a vLLM-based disaggregated system. PrefillShare not only matches full fine-tuning accuracy on a broad range of tasks and models, but also delivers 4.5x lower p95 latency and 3.9x higher throughput in multi-model agent workloads.

大模型服务预填充共享去耦合架构多模型协作

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