让机器人在已有物品的箱子里智能挤出空间,实现高效装箱。
Pack it in: Packing into Partially Filled Containers Through Contact
- 通过接触优化路径,主动推挤已有物品腾出空间
- 在遮挡情况下仍能准确感知物体位置
- 适合物流仓库中已满或乱放容器的智能装箱
仓库自动化对提升效率、降低人员风险至关重要。其中,箱体装箱是常见操作:将物品放入容器中,用于配送或暂存。以往研究多聚焦于空箱装箱且采用无碰撞策略,但实际中容器常已部分填充,且因搬运导致物品排列不合理。本文提出一种接触感知的装箱方法,通过与已有物体有意互动,主动创造空间以成功放置新物品。该方法结合基于接触的多物体轨迹优化器、模型预测控制器,以及具备物理感知能力的视觉系统,可在不可避免的遮挡下估计物体位姿,并提供物理可行的放置位置建议。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The automation of warehouse operations is crucial for improving productivity and reducing human exposure to hazardous environments. One operation frequently performed in warehouses is bin-packing where items need to be placed into containers, either for delivery to a customer, or for temporary storage in the warehouse. Whilst prior bin-packing works have largely been focused on packing items into empty containers and have adopted collision-free strategies, it is often the case that containers will already be partially filled with items, often in suboptimal arrangements due to transportation about a warehouse. This paper presents a contact-aware packing approach that exploits purposeful interactions with previously placed objects to create free space and enable successful placement of new items. This is achieved by using a contact-based multi-object trajectory optimizer within a model predictive controller, integrated with a physics-aware perception system that estimates object poses even during inevitable occlusions, and a method that suggests physically-feasible locations to place the object inside the container.
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