提出新型多智能体博弈模型,证明其均衡解存在且可学习。
Convex Markov Games and Beyond: New Proof of Existence, Characterization and Learning Algorithms for Nash Equilibria
- 通过代理梯度支配性质,将均衡解等价为投影伪梯度的不动点。
- 首次证明一般效用马尔可夫博弈中纳什均衡的存在性与马尔可夫完美均衡。
- 设计无模型策略梯度算法,并给出近似均衡的样本复杂度保证。
凸马尔可夫博弈(cMGs)最近被提出作为一类广义的多智能体学习问题,将马尔可夫博弈推广到战略智能体优化非加性效用的场景。尽管扩展了建模能力,但其理论基础,尤其是纳什均衡(NE)结构和学习算法的保证仍不完善。本文研究了其扩展形式——通用效用马尔可夫博弈(GUMGs),该模型能捕捉智能体占用测度间的耦合关系。我们证明在GUMGs中,纳什均衡恰好是投影伪梯度动态的不动点(即一阶驻点),这得益于一种新的代理梯度支配性质。该结果也给出了基于布劳威尔不动点定理的简洁均衡存在性证明,并进一步证明了马尔可夫完美均衡的存在性。在此表征基础上,我们建立了GUMGs的策略梯度定理,并设计了无模型策略梯度算法。对于潜在型GUMGs,我们在精确梯度下建立了近似均衡的迭代复杂度,在生成模型和在线策略设置下给出了样本复杂度边界。本工作首次对共益型cMGs进行理论分析,超越了以往局限于零和情形的研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Convex Markov Games (cMGs) were recently introduced as a broad class of multi-agent learning problems that generalize Markov games to settings where strategic agents optimize general utilities beyond additive rewards. While cMGs expand the modeling frontier, their theoretical foundations, particularly the structure of Nash equilibria (NE) and guarantees for learning algorithms, are not yet well understood. In this work, we address these gaps for an extension of cMGs, which we term General Utility Markov Games (GUMGs), capturing new applications requiring coupling between agents' occupancy measures. We prove that in GUMGs, Nash equilibria coincide with the fixed points of projected pseudo-gradient dynamics (i.e., first-order stationary points), enabled by a novel agent-wise gradient domination property. This insight also yields a simple proof of NE existence using Brouwer's fixed-point theorem. We further show the existence of Markov perfect equilibria. Building on this characterization, we establish a policy gradient theorem for GUMGs and design a model-free policy gradient algorithm. For potential GUMGs, we establish iteration complexity guarantees for computing approximate-NE under exact gradients and provide sample complexity bounds in both the generative model and on-policy settings. Our results extend beyond prior work restricted to zero-sum cMGs, providing the first theoretical analysis of common-interest cMGs.
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