用计算模型解释儿童海马萎缩导致的记忆障碍，揭示为何语义记忆仍能保留。
A consequence of failed sequential learning: A computational account of developmental amnesia
- 基于海马序列学习受损的假设，构建认知系统模拟发育性失忆
- 模型显示情景记忆严重受损，但识别与语义学习基本正常
- 适合研究记忆机制或神经心理学的学者参考
发育性失忆表现为情景记忆严重受损而语义记忆几乎正常，常见于海马萎缩的儿童。这一特征挑战了早期情景记忆缺失会阻碍认知发展的传统观点。尽管已有若干潜在机制被提出，但尚无计算模型能复现该独特组合。本研究提出一个认知系统，通过模拟海马序列/空间学习能力受损，成功再现了情景回忆缺陷、识别能力保留及语义学习未受影响的现象。仿真结果表明，序列学习受损仅导致情景记忆严重受损，不影响识别或语义学习。语义学习得以保留，符合其依赖情景记忆整合的理论，而情景记忆的激活更可能为随机而非顺序。此外，模型还成功模拟了逆行性遗忘，其机制与多数既有计算模型一致。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Developmental amnesia, featured with severely impaired episodic memory and almost normal semantic memory, has been discovered to occur in children with hippocampal atrophy. This unique combination of characteristics seems to challenge the understanding that early loss of episodic memory may impede cognitive development and result in severe mental retardation. Although a few underlying mechanisms have been suggested, no computational model has been reported that is able to mimic the unique combination of characteristics. In this study, a cognitive system is presented, and developmental amnesia is demonstrated computationally in terms of impaired episodic recall, spared recognition and spared semantic learning. Impaired sequential/spatial learning ability of the hippocampus is suggested to be the cause of such amnesia. Simulation shows that impaired sequential leaning may only result in severe impairment of episodic recall, but affect neither recognition ability nor semantic learning. The spared semantic learning is inline with the view that semantic learning is largely associated with the consolidation of episodic memory, a process in which episodic memory may be mostly activated randomly, instead of sequentially. Furthermore, retrograded amnesia is also simulated, and the result and its mechanism are in agreement with most computational models of amnesia reported previously.
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