对比混合与分训合并,发现多领域强化学习可相互促进。
To Mix or To Merge: Toward Multi-Domain Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
- 通过混合训练或分训后合并,比较多领域强化学习策略
- 数学、编程等强推理任务间存在协同增益,干扰少
- 适合构建通用专家级大模型的开发者参考
强化学习结合可验证奖励(RLVR)对提升大语言模型的显式推理能力至关重要。在特定领域如编程或数学中,可通过RLVR实现专家级表现。当需要通用多领域专家级模型时,需谨慎设计跨领域RLVR协作方式。当前主流方法为混合多任务RLVR或分域训练后模型合并。本文以数学、编程、科学、指令遵循和智能体等高阶任务为研究目标,基于开源数据集开展系统性定性和定量实验。结果表明,不同领域间的RLVR几乎无互扰,且推理密集型领域呈现显著协同效应。从权重空间几何、信息约束、模型预测行为及自验证机制等角度分析了协同增益的内在机理。项目命名为M2RL,官网见https://github.com/Mosi-AI/M2RL。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) plays a key role in stimulating the explicit reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). We can achieve expert-level performance in some specific domains via RLVR, such as coding or math. When a general multi-domain expert-level model is required, we need to carefully consider the collaboration of RLVR across different domains. The current state-of-the-art models mainly employ two different training paradigms for multi-domain RLVR: mixed multi-task RLVR and separate RLVR followed by model merging. However, most of the works did not provide a detailed comparison and analysis about these paradigms. To this end, we choose multiple commonly used high-level tasks (e.g., math, coding, science, instruction following, and agent) as our target domains and design extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments using open-source datasets. We find the RLVR across domains exhibits few mutual interferences, and reasoning-intensive domains demonstrate mutually synergistic effects. Furthermore, we analyze the internal mechanisms of mutual gains from the perspectives of weight space geometry, information constraints, model prediction behavior and self-verification. This project is named as M2RL that means Mixed multi-task training or separate training followed by model Merging for Reinforcement Learning, and the homepage is at https://github.com/Mosi-AI/M2RL.
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