用大模型自身注意力机制压缩视觉令牌,显著降耗且保持性能
Vision Token Reduction via Attention-Driven Self-Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models
- 利用大模型深层注意力引导视觉令牌自压缩,无需额外模块
- 在LLaVA-1.5上减少53.7%计算量,峰值显存降56.7%,性能保留98.2%
- 兼容FlashAttention,高压缩下仍稳定,适合部署场景
多模态大语言模型(MLLM)因在所有语言模型层处理大量视觉令牌而带来高昂计算成本。先前的剪枝方法要么在语言模型前执行,受编码器-投影器设计差异限制通用性;要么在语言模型内使用启发式规则,与FlashAttention不兼容。本文提出注意力驱动的自压缩(ADSC),将语言模型本身作为最优压缩引导。观察到深层自然传递视觉到文本信息,我们仅通过在特定层进行均匀令牌下采样形成瓶颈,促使模型将信息重新组织并压缩至剩余令牌。该方法无需分数计算、辅助模块或注意力修改,完全兼容FlashAttention。应用于LLaVA-1.5时,实现53.7%的FLOPs减少和56.7%的峰值KV缓存内存降低,同时保持98.2%原始性能。在多个基准测试中,其效率与准确率均优于现有剪枝方法。关键的是,在高压缩比下,本方法仍保持鲁棒性,而基于启发式的方案性能急剧下降。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) incur significant computational cost from processing numerous vision tokens through all LLM layers. Prior pruning methods operate either before the LLM, limiting generality due to diverse encoder-projector designs or within the LLM using heuristics that are incompatible with FlashAttention. We take a different approach: rather than identifying unimportant tokens, we treat the LLM itself as the optimal guide for compression. Observing that deeper layers naturally transmit vision-to-text information, we introduce Attention-Driven Self-Compression (ADSC), a simple, broadly applicable method that progressively reduces vision tokens using only the LLM's attention mechanism. Our method applies uniform token downsampling at selected layers, forming bottlenecks that encourage the model to reorganize and compress information into the remaining tokens. It requires no score computation, auxiliary modules, or attention modification, and remains fully compatible with FlashAttention. Applied to LLaVA-1.5, ADSC reduces FLOPs by 53.7% and peak KV-cache memory by 56.7%, while preserving 98.2% of the original model performance. Across multiple benchmarks, it outperforms prior pruning approaches in both efficiency and accuracy. Crucially, under high compression ratios, our method remains robust while heuristic-based techniques degrade sharply.
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