arXiv:2602.13279cs.SIcs.AI2026-02

用大模型生成虚拟节点,让图神经网络看清谣言传播中的语义连贯性。

LLM-Enhanced Rumor Detection via Virtual Node Induced Edge Prediction

  • 用大模型分析信息链,引入虚拟节点增强图结构
  • 在多个数据集上显著提升谣言检测准确率
  • 无需改动原有模型,可无缝接入各种大模型和图学习方法

社交媒体上谣言的快速传播严重威胁信息真实性。现有检测方法通常仅用孤立文本嵌入表示节点,忽略了传播路径中的语义连贯性。为此,我们提出一种新框架,将大语言模型(LLMs)作为结构增强层,通过评估信息子链并引入虚拟节点,将潜在语义模式转化为显式拓扑特征,有效捕捉传统图神经网络难以建模的文本连贯性。为确保可靠性,设计了结构化提示框架以缓解大模型固有偏差,同时保持强图学习性能。该框架具有模型无关性,可无损集成到任意图学习算法与大模型中,具备即插即用特性,未来可结合微调的大模型与图技术进一步提升预测能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid proliferation of rumors on social networks poses a significant threat to information integrity. While rumor dissemination forms complex structural patterns, existing detection methods often fail to capture the intricate interplay between textual coherence and propagation dynamics. Current approaches typically represent nodes through isolated textual embeddings, neglecting the semantic flow across the entire propagation path. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) as a structural augmentation layer for graph-based rumor detection. Moving beyond conventional methods, our framework employs LLMs to evaluate information subchains and strategically introduce a virtual node into the graph. This structural modification converts latent semantic patterns into explicit topological features, effectively capturing the textual coherence that has historically been inaccessible to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). To ensure reliability, we develop a structured prompt framework that mitigates inherent biases in LLMs while maintaining robust graph learning performance. Furthermore, our proposed framework is model-agnostic, meaning it is not constrained to any specific graph learning algorithm or LLMs. Its plug-and-play nature allows for seamless integration with further fine-tuned LLMs and graph techniques in the future, potentially enhancing predictive performance without the need to modify original algorithms.

谣言检测图神经网络大模型增强

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