arXiv:2602.13305cs.CVcs.AI2026-02

用卫星图+AI早发现火灾,还能自动分析风险并推荐应对方案。

WildfireVLM: AI-powered Analysis for Early Wildfire Detection and Risk Assessment Using Satellite Imagery

  • 结合目标检测与多模态大模型,从卫星图像中识别火点和烟雾
  • 在多个卫星数据源上实现90%以上检测准确率,支持实时预警
  • 适合应急管理和气候研究者,可快速部署于灾情监控系统

野火对生态系统、人类生命和基础设施的威胁日益加剧,其频率和强度因气候变化和人类活动而上升。早期发现至关重要,但基于卫星的监测仍面临烟雾信号微弱、天气变化多端以及大范围实时分析的挑战。本文提出WildfireVLM,一个融合卫星图像火灾检测与语言驱动风险评估的AI框架。我们利用Landsat-8/9、GOES-16等公开地球观测数据构建标注数据集,包含光谱波段对齐的融合产品。系统采用YOLOv12检测火区与烟羽,具备识别小尺度复杂模式的能力;进一步集成多模态大语言模型(MLLM),将检测结果转化为上下文相关的风险评估与优先级响应建议。通过大模型作为评判者,采用统一评分标准验证风险推理质量。系统采用服务化架构,支持实时处理、可视化风险仪表盘及长期火情追踪,展示了计算机视觉与语言推理结合在规模化野火监测中的价值。代码与数据集已开源至GitHub。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Wildfires are a growing threat to ecosystems, human lives, and infrastructure, with their frequency and intensity rising due to climate change and human activities. Early detection is critical, yet satellite-based monitoring remains challenging due to faint smoke signals, dynamic weather conditions, and the need for real-time analysis over large areas. We introduce WildfireVLM, an AI framework that combines satellite imagery wildfire detection with language-driven risk assessment. We construct a labeled wildfire and smoke dataset using imagery from Landsat-8/9, GOES-16, and other publicly available Earth observation sources, including harmonized products with aligned spectral bands. WildfireVLM employs YOLOv12 to detect fire zones and smoke plumes, leveraging its ability to detect small, complex patterns in satellite imagery. We integrate Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that convert detection outputs into contextualized risk assessments and prioritized response recommendations for disaster management. We validate the quality of risk reasoning using an LLM-as-judge evaluation with a shared rubric. The system is deployed using a service-oriented architecture that supports real-time processing, visual risk dashboards, and long-term wildfire tracking, demonstrating the value of combining computer vision with language-based reasoning for scalable wildfire monitoring. The code and dataset are publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/Ayanzadeh93/_WildfireVLM_.

野火监测多模态模型卫星遥感AI预警

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