通过双重目标重标注,让机器人在稀疏奖励下学会抓取操作。
Enabling Option Learning in Sparse Rewards with Hindsight Experience Replay
- 引入双虚拟目标重标注机制,同时奖励交互与任务完成
- 在机械臂操作任务中成功率达90%,远超原方法的11%以下
- 适合解决物体操控类稀疏奖励问题,尤其适用于机器人学习
层级强化学习框架如Option-Critic(OC)和Multi-updates Option Critic(MOC)已显著推进可复用选项的学习。然而,在具有稀疏奖励的多目标环境中,这些方法表现不佳,因动作需关联到遥远的后果。为此,我们提出MOC-HER,将事后经验重标注(HER)机制融入MOC框架。通过根据实际达成结果重标注目标,MOC-HER能解决原MOC无法处理的稀疏奖励环境。但该方法对物体操纵任务仍不足,因奖励依赖于物体到达目标位置而非代理直接互动,使代理难以发现与物体的交互方式。为此,我们提出双目标事后经验重标注(2HER),创建两组虚拟目标:除基于物体最终状态的标准HER外,还从代理执行器位置生成目标,奖励代理同时完成交互与任务。在机器人操纵环境中的实验表明,MOC-2HER成功率高达90%,而原MOC与MOC-HER均低于11%。结果验证了双重目标重标注策略在稀疏奖励、多目标任务中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) frameworks like Option-Critic (OC) and Multi-updates Option Critic (MOC) have introduced significant advancements in learning reusable options. However, these methods underperform in multi-goal environments with sparse rewards, where actions must be linked to temporally distant outcomes. To address this limitation, we first propose MOC-HER, which integrates the Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) mechanism into the MOC framework. By relabeling goals from achieved outcomes, MOC-HER can solve sparse reward environments that are intractable for the original MOC. However, this approach is insufficient for object manipulation tasks, where the reward depends on the object reaching the goal rather than on the agent's direct interaction. This makes it extremely difficult for HRL agents to discover how to interact with these objects. To overcome this issue, we introduce Dual Objectives Hindsight Experience Replay (2HER), a novel extension that creates two sets of virtual goals. In addition to relabeling goals based on the object's final state (standard HER), 2HER also generates goals from the agent's effector positions, rewarding the agent for both interacting with the object and completing the task. Experimental results in robotic manipulation environments show that MOC-2HER achieves success rates of up to 90%, compared to less than 11% for both MOC and MOC-HER. These results highlight the effectiveness of our dual objective relabeling strategy in sparse reward, multi-goal tasks.
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