arXiv:2602.14043cs.SIcs.AI2026-02

用大模型动态预测群体价值观演变,突破静态快照局限。

Beyond Static Snapshots: Dynamic Modeling and Forecasting of Group-Level Value Evolution with Large Language Models

  • 将历史价值轨迹融入大模型,实现动态社会模拟
  • 在跨国家/群体场景下,未见问题提升33.97%
  • 揭示中美群体差异与代际敏感性,适合政策研究者

社会仿真对挖掘复杂社会动态、支持数据驱动决策至关重要。基于大语言模型的方法通过模拟人类问卷响应,成为该任务的强大工具。现有方法多聚焦离散时间点的群体价值观,将其视为静态快照,忽视了其随长期社会变迁而演化的动态特性。然而,群体价值观并非固定不变,其演化建模对于准确预测社会变迁至关重要,这仍是数据挖掘与社会科学中的核心挑战。受限于纵向数据稀缺、群体异质性及历史事件复杂影响,该问题尚未被充分探索。为此,我们提出一种新框架,将历史价值轨迹整合进大模型的人类响应建模中。选取中国与美国为代表性语境,在性别、年龄、教育、收入四个核心社会人口维度上进行分层模拟。基于世界价值观调查(World Values Survey),构建多波段、群体级纵向数据集以捕捉历史价值演变,并提出首个基于事件的预测方法,统一社会事件、当前价值状态与群体属性。在五个大模型家族上的评估显示显著提升:对已见问题最高提升30.88%,对未见问题达33.97%。进一步发现显著跨群体异质性:美国群体波动性高于中国,且两国年轻群体对外部变化更敏感。研究推进了基于大模型的社会仿真,为社会科学家理解与预测价值观变化提供新洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Social simulation is critical for mining complex social dynamics and supporting data-driven decision making. LLM-based methods have emerged as powerful tools for this task by leveraging human-like social questionnaire responses to model group behaviors. Existing LLM-based approaches predominantly focus on group-level values at discrete time points, treating them as static snapshots rather than dynamic processes. However, group-level values are not fixed but shaped by long-term social changes. Modeling their dynamics is thus crucial for accurate social evolution prediction--a key challenge in both data mining and social science. This problem remains underexplored due to limited longitudinal data, group heterogeneity, and intricate historical event impacts. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel framework for group-level dynamic social simulation by integrating historical value trajectories into LLM-based human response modeling. We select China and the U.S. as representative contexts, conducting stratified simulations across four core sociodemographic dimensions (gender, age, education, income). Using the World Values Survey, we construct a multi-wave, group-level longitudinal dataset to capture historical value evolution, and then propose the first event-based prediction method for this task, unifying social events, current value states, and group attributes into a single framework. Evaluations across five LLM families show substantial gains: a maximum 30.88\% improvement on seen questions and 33.97\% on unseen questions over the Vanilla baseline. We further find notable cross-group heterogeneity: U.S. groups are more volatile than Chinese groups, and younger groups in both countries are more sensitive to external changes. These findings advance LLM-based social simulation and provide new insights for social scientists to understand and predict social value changes.

社会仿真大模型价值观演化动态建模

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