arXiv:2602.14211cs.CRcs.AI2026-02被引 12

自动生成恶意技能,利用伪装诱导攻击智能体执行隐藏指令。

SkillJect: Effectively Automating Skill-Based Prompt Injection for Skill-Enabled Agents

  • 用两个通道隐藏恶意代码:脚本藏在辅助文件,指令伪装成必经步骤。
  • 闭环多智能体测试使攻击成功率超手动攻击,关键依赖路径被成功劫持。
  • 适合研究安全漏洞或防御机制的开发者,尤其关注可复用技能生态的安全性。

智能体技能通过任务特定指令、可执行脚本和辅助资源扩展大模型智能体能力,提升可复用性的同时引入新型供应链攻击面。恶意或受损技能可被反复加载为可信指导,操控下游工具调用。现有技能类提示注入攻击多为手动且脆弱,因显式恶意指令常因与原始流程不符被拒绝。本文提出SkillJect,首个自动化生成中毒技能的框架。其采用双通道机制:在资源通道中将载荷隐藏于辅助脚本;在指令通道中重写SKILL.md,使用前置诱导策略,将注入内容置于开头,并将辅助脚本标记为强制前提或初始化步骤。重写后的指令显式引用脚本路径并提供可执行示例命令,使脚本看似合法的前置操作。SkillJect进一步采用闭环多智能体流程:攻击智能体生成中毒技能,受害者智能体执行任务,评估智能体分析执行轨迹判断载荷是否触发。攻击智能体根据反馈诊断失败原因并重写SKILL.md,保持载荷不变。跨平台、后端LLM及攻击类别的实验表明,SkillJect显著优于直接注入和先前的手动攻击,凸显中毒技能在可复用技能生态系统中的持续威胁。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agent skills extend LLM agents with task-specific instructions, executable scripts, and auxiliary resources, improving reusability but creating a new supply-chain attack surface. A malicious or compromised skill can be repeatedly loaded as trusted guidance and steer downstream tool use. Existing skill-based prompt-injection attacks are often manual and brittle, because explicit malicious instructions are rejected or ignored when they are not aligned with the original workflow. We propose SkillJect, the first automated framework for generating poisoned skills against skill-enabled agent systems. SkillJect uses two coordinated channels. In the artifact channel, it hides the payload inside an auxiliary helper script. In the instruction channel, it rewrites SKILL.md with a front-loaded inducement strategy, placing injected content at the beginning and framing the helper script as a mandatory prerequisite or initialization step. The rewritten instruction explicitly references the helper-script path and provides an executable example command, making the helper appear to be a legitimate setup step before normal skill operations. SkillJect further adopts a closed-loop multi-agent process to improve attack effectiveness. An Attack Agent generates poisoned skills, a Victim Agent executes downstream tasks with the poisoned skill, and an Evaluate Agent inspects execution traces to determine whether the hidden payload was executed. The Attack Agent then uses this feedback to diagnose failure causes and rewrite SKILL.md, while keeping the payload fixed. Experiments across skill-enabled platforms, backend LLMs, and attack categories show that SkillJect substantially outperforms naive direct injection and prior manual skill-injection attacks, highlighting poisoned skills as a persistent threat in reusable skill ecosystems.

智能体安全提示注入自动化攻击

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