用可调天线系统降低无线联邦学习能耗，效果优于传统大规模天线。
Energy-Efficient Over-the-Air Federated Learning via Pinching Antenna Systems
- 通过调节可调天线参数并调度设备，实现低功耗模型聚合。
- 单波导可调天线使聚合能耗相比全数字大规模天线大幅下降。
- 适合未来低功耗、大规模无线分布式学习场景。
可调天线系统（PASSs）是一种新型柔性天线技术，通过在介质波导上附加低成本的可调元件实现。由于信号通过波导传输，绕过直射路径，能有效补偿无线信道的大尺度衰落。本文探索将PASSs应用于空中联邦学习（OTA-FL）的潜力。针对基于PASS的服务器，提出一种低复杂度算法，联合优化天线参数与移动设备调度，以最小化OTA-FL中的能量消耗。数值实验表明，在中等尺寸区域内部署单波导PASS，其模型聚合所需能量显著低于全数字大规模天线（MIMO）服务器。该结果表明，PASS是下一代无线系统中实现高效节能分布式学习的潜在技术。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Pinching antennas systems (PASSs) have recently been proposed as a novel flexible-antenna technology. These systems are implemented by attaching low-cost pinching elements to dielectric waveguides. As the direct link is bypassed through waveguides, PASSs can effectively compensate large-scale effects of the wireless channel. This work explores the potential gains of employing PASSs for over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL). For a PASS-assisted server, we develop a low-complexity algorithmic approach, which jointly tunes the PASS parameters and schedules the mobile devices for minimal energy consumption in OTA-FL. We study the efficiency of the proposed design and compare it against the conventional OTA-FL setting with MIMO server. Numerical experiments demonstrate that using a single-waveguide PASS at the server within a moderately sized area, the required energy for model aggregation is drastically reduced as compared to the case with fully-digital MIMO server. This introduces PASS as a potential technology for energy-efficient distributed learning in next generations of wireless systems.
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