用少量漏洞信息自动验证网页应用漏洞,提升修复效率。
AXE: Grey-Box Exploitability Confirmation for Localized Vulnerability Reports
- 基于漏洞类型和位置信息,分步生成可执行攻击代码。
- 在CVE-Bench上成功利用率达30%,是黑盒方法的3倍。
- 生成可复现的漏洞证明,适合安全团队快速排查。
漏洞检测工具虽广泛使用,但常因误报和不可操作报告给维护者带来负担。自动化攻击系统可帮助验证报告,但现有方法通常与检测流程脱节,未能利用漏洞类型、源码位置等已有元数据。本文研究如何在轻量级灰盒环境下评估报告漏洞,仅依赖CWE分类和漏洞位置信息。提出多智能体框架Agentic eXploit Engine (AXE),通过解耦规划、代码探索和动态执行反馈,将轻量元数据映射为具体攻击。在CVE-Bench数据集上,AXE实现30%的利用成功率,较最先进黑盒基线提升3倍;单智能体配置下,灰盒元数据也带来1.75倍性能增益。系统性错误分析表明,失败主要源于语义理解偏差和执行前提未满足。成功攻击生成可复现的漏洞证明,显著提升网页漏洞研判与修复效率。案例研究显示其对真实世界漏洞具有泛化能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vulnerability detection tools are widely adopted in software projects, yet they often overwhelm maintainers with false positives and non-actionable reports. Automated exploitation systems can help validate these reports; however, existing approaches typically operate in isolation from detection pipelines, failing to leverage readily available metadata such as vulnerability type and source-code location. In this paper, we investigate how reported security vulnerabilities can be assessed in a realistic grey-box exploitation setting that leverages minimal vulnerability metadata, specifically a CWE classification and a vulnerable code location. We introduce Agentic eXploit Engine (AXE), a multi-agent framework for Web application exploitation that maps lightweight detection metadata to concrete exploits through decoupled planning, code exploration, and dynamic execution feedback. Evaluated on the CVE-Bench dataset, AXE achieves a 30% exploitation success rate, a 3x improvement over state-of-the-art black-box baselines. Even in a single-agent configuration, grey-box metadata yields a 1.75x performance gain. Systematic error analysis shows that most failed attempts arise from specific reasoning gaps, including misinterpreted vulnerability semantics and unmet execution preconditions. For successful exploits, AXE produces actionable, reproducible proof-of-concept artifacts, demonstrating its utility in streamlining Web vulnerability triage and remediation. We further evaluate AXE's generalizability through a case study on a recent real-world vulnerability not included in CVE-Bench.
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