分离精炼与推理,让神经场模型又快又准。
Refine Now, Query Fast: A Decoupled Refinement Paradigm for Implicit Neural Fields
- 先离线用深层网络精炼数据,再用轻量结构快速推理。
- 推理速度比高保真基线快27倍,精度领先现有方法。
- 适合需要高效高精度3D模拟替代的科研与工程场景。
隐式神经表示(INRs)因其能连续建模空间与条件场,成为大型3D科学模拟的有效替代方案,但面临保真度与速度的矛盾:深度MLP推理成本高,而高效的基于嵌入的模型表达能力不足。为此,我们提出解耦表示精炼(DRR)架构范式。DRR在一次性离线过程中,利用深层精炼网络与非参数变换,将丰富表征编码为紧凑高效的嵌入结构,从而将高容量慢速神经网络与快速推理路径分离。我们设计了验证该范式的DRR-Net,并提出一种新型数据增强策略——变分对(VP),以提升复杂任务(如高维代理建模)下的INRs性能。在多个集成模拟数据集上的实验表明,该方法在保持最先进保真度的同时,推理速度比高保真基线快达27倍,且与最快模型相当。DRR范式为构建强大且实用的神经场代理与INRs提供了有效策略,在速度与质量间实现最小妥协。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have emerged as promising surrogates for large 3D scientific simulations due to their ability to continuously model spatial and conditional fields, yet they face a critical fidelity-speed dilemma: deep MLPs suffer from high inference cost, while efficient embedding-based models lack sufficient expressiveness. To resolve this, we propose the Decoupled Representation Refinement (DRR) architectural paradigm. DRR leverages a deep refiner network, alongside non-parametric transformations, in a one-time offline process to encode rich representations into a compact and efficient embedding structure. This approach decouples slow neural networks with high representational capacity from the fast inference path. We introduce DRR-Net, a simple network that validates this paradigm, and a novel data augmentation strategy, Variational Pairs (VP) for improving INRs under complex tasks like high-dimensional surrogate modeling. Experiments on several ensemble simulation datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art fidelity, while being up to 27$\times$ faster at inference than high-fidelity baselines and remaining competitive with the fastest models. The DRR paradigm offers an effective strategy for building powerful and practical neural field surrogates and INRs in broader applications, with a minimal compromise between speed and quality.
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