让机器人轨迹实时避开障碍,保持灵活反应能力。
Constraining Streaming Flow Models for Adapting Learned Robot Trajectory Distributions
- 用可微距离函数构建约束度量,动态调整运动方向。
- 实测表明轨迹满足约束且保持平滑连续,优于传统投影方法。
- 适合需安全避障的机器人实时控制场景。
机器人运动常具多模态特性,需灵活生成模型准确建模。近期提出的流形流策略(Streaming Flow Policies, SFPs)通过在动作空间中直接集成学习到的速度场,实现平滑、响应式控制。然而现有方法缺乏训练后调整轨迹以满足安全与任务约束的能力。本文提出约束感知流形流(Constraint-Aware Streaming Flow, CASF),在流形流策略中引入依赖约束的度量,执行时重塑学习到的速度场。每个约束(定义于机器人工作空间或配置空间)被建模为可微距离函数,转换为局部度量并回传至控制空间。远离约束区域时,该度量趋近单位矩阵;靠近边界时,平滑衰减或引导运动,有效变形底层流以保证安全。该机制支持实时轨迹适应,确保关节限位、避障及工作空间可行性,同时保留流形流的多模态与响应性。我们在模拟与真实机械臂操作任务中验证了CASF,结果表明其生成的轨迹满足约束,且保持平滑、可行与动力学一致性,显著优于标准事后投影基线方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robot motion distributions often exhibit multi-modality and require flexible generative models for accurate representation. Streaming Flow Policies (SFPs) have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for generating robot trajectories by integrating learned velocity fields directly in action space, enabling smooth and reactive control. However, existing formulations lack mechanisms for adapting trajectories post-training to enforce safety and task-specific constraints. We propose Constraint-Aware Streaming Flow (CASF), a framework that augments streaming flow policies with constraint-dependent metrics that reshape the learned velocity field during execution. CASF models each constraint, defined in either the robot's workspace or configuration space, as a differentiable distance function that is converted into a local metric and pulled back into the robot's control space. Far from restricted regions, the resulting metric reduces to the identity; near constraint boundaries, it smoothly attenuates or redirects motion, effectively deforming the underlying flow to maintain safety. This allows trajectories to be adapted in real time, ensuring that robot actions respect joint limits, avoid collisions, and remain within feasible workspaces, while preserving the multi-modal and reactive properties of streaming flow policies. We demonstrate CASF in simulated and real-world manipulation tasks, showing that it produces constraint-satisfying trajectories that remain smooth, feasible, and dynamically consistent, outperforming standard post-hoc projection baselines.
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