统一自回归与扩散模型,实现复杂多尺度流动的快速高精度模拟。
Uni-Flow: a unified autoregressive-diffusion model for complex multiscale flows
- 分离时间演化与空间细化,分步建模多尺度动态。
- 心血管仿真中秒级生成高分辨率压力场,快于实时数百倍。
- 适合需要高速高精度流体模拟的科研与医疗场景。
时空流动在物理、生物和工程领域广泛存在,但其多尺度动态建模仍是核心挑战。尽管物理信息机器学习取得进展,现有方法难以同时保持长期时间演化与细粒度结构分辨,尤其在混沌、湍流及生理条件下。本文提出Uni-Flow,一种统一的自回归-扩散框架,显式分离时间演化与空间精炼。自回归部分学习低分辨率潜在动态,保留大尺度结构并保证长时间滚动稳定性;扩散部分在少量去噪步骤内重建高分辨率物理场,恢复细粒度特征。我们在多个基准测试中验证该模型,包括二维柯尔莫哥洛夫流动、基于量子启发自回归先验的三维湍流通道入口生成,以及源自高保真格子玻尔兹曼血流求解器的主动脉缩窄患者特异性仿真。在心血管场景中,Uni-Flow实现了任务级超实时推断,秒级完成生理相关时间尺度下的高分辨率压力场重建,相较传统方法耗时从数小时降至数秒。该工作将高保真血流模拟从离线高算力依赖流程转变为可部署代理模型,为科学机器学习中的流动物理建模开辟新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Spatiotemporal flows govern diverse phenomena across physics, biology, and engineering, yet modelling their multiscale dynamics remains a central challenge. Despite major advances in physics-informed machine learning, existing approaches struggle to simultaneously maintain long-term temporal evolution and resolve fine-scale structure across chaotic, turbulent, and physiological regimes. Here, we introduce Uni-Flow, a unified autoregressive-diffusion framework that explicitly separates temporal evolution from spatial refinement for modelling complex dynamical systems. The autoregressive component learns low-resolution latent dynamics that preserve large-scale structure and ensure stable long-horizon rollouts, while the diffusion component reconstructs high-resolution physical fields, recovering fine-scale features in a small number of denoising steps. We validate Uni-Flow across canonical benchmarks, including two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow, three-dimensional turbulent channel inflow generation with a quantum-informed autoregressive prior, and patient-specific simulations of aortic coarctation derived from high-fidelity lattice Boltzmann hemodynamic solvers. In the cardiovascular setting, Uni-Flow enables task-level faster than real-time inference of pulsatile hemodynamics, reconstructing high-resolution pressure fields over physiologically relevant time horizons in seconds rather than hours. By transforming high-fidelity hemodynamic simulation from an offline, HPC-bound process into a deployable surrogate, Uni-Flow establishes a pathway to faster-than-real-time modelling of complex multiscale flows, with broad implications for scientific machine learning in flow physics.
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