arXiv:2602.15883cs.LGphysics.flu-dyn2026-02

分布式神经网络解决流体重建难题,实现快速高精度计算。

Distributed physics-informed neural networks via domain decomposition for fast flow reconstruction

  • 通过区域分解构建分布式物理信息网络,提升大规模流场重建效率。
  • 采用参考锚点归一化策略,解决子模型间压力基准漂移问题。
  • 适合需要高精度流体模拟的科研与工程场景,尤其适用于复杂水动力系统。

物理信息神经网络(PINNs)为流场重建提供了强大范式,可将稀疏速度测量数据与控制性纳维-斯托克斯方程结合,恢复完整的速度场和隐含压力场。然而,将此类模型扩展至大时空域时,受制于计算瓶颈和优化不稳定性。本文提出一种基于时空区域分解的分布式PINNs框架,实现高效流场重建。分布式求解中的关键挑战是压力不定性:独立子网络会漂移至不一致的局部压力基准。为此,我们引入参考锚点归一化策略并结合解耦非对称加权机制,通过从指定主节点向邻接节点单向传递信息,消除规范自由度,确保全局压力唯一性,同时保持时间连续性。此外,为降低计算高阶物理残差带来的Python解释器开销,我们采用CUDA图与即时编译加速训练流程。在复杂流场基准上的大量验证表明,该方法实现了近似线性的强缩放性能和高保真重建,为复杂水动力学的可扩展、物理严谨的流场重建与理解开辟了新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a powerful paradigm for flow reconstruction, seamlessly integrating sparse velocity measurements with the governing Navier-Stokes equations to recover complete velocity and latent pressure fields. However, scaling such models to large spatiotemporal domains is hindered by computational bottlenecks and optimization instabilities. In this work, we propose a robust distributed PINNs framework designed for efficient flow reconstruction via spatiotemporal domain decomposition. A critical challenge in such distributed solvers is pressure indeterminacy, where independent sub-networks drift into inconsistent local pressure baselines. We address this issue through a reference anchor normalization strategy coupled with decoupled asymmetric weighting. By enforcing a unidirectional information flow from designated master ranks where the anchor point lies to neighboring ranks, our approach eliminates gauge freedom and guarantees global pressure uniqueness while preserving temporal continuity. Furthermore, to mitigate the Python interpreter overhead associated with computing high-order physics residuals, we implement a high-performance training pipeline accelerated by CUDA graphs and JIT compilation. Extensive validation on complex flow benchmarks demonstrates that our method achieves near-linear strong scaling and high-fidelity reconstruction, establishing a scalable and physically rigorous pathway for flow reconstruction and understanding of complex hydrodynamics.

流体模拟神经网络分布式计算物理信息

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