用流模型生成分子晶体结构,兼顾分子内复杂性和晶格排列。
MolCrystalFlow: Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction via Flow Matching
- 将分子视为刚体,分步学习晶格、取向和质心位置。
- 在两个数据集上优于MOFFlow,接近规则生成方法表现。
- 适合材料发现、分子晶体设计的研究者使用。
分子晶体结构预测因分子尺寸大及分子内/分子间相互作用复杂,仍是计算化学的重大挑战。尽管生成模型已推动分子、无机物和金属有机框架的结构发现,但将其扩展至完全周期性的分子晶体仍具挑战。本文提出MolCrystalFlow,一种基于流的分子晶体生成模型。该框架通过将分子嵌入为刚体,分离分子内复杂性与分子间堆积问题,并联合学习晶格矩阵、分子取向和质心位置。质心与取向在各自的黎曼流形上表示,支持测地线流构建与保留几何对称性的图神经网络操作。我们在两个开源分子晶体数据集上,将模型与先进生成模型MOFFlow及基于规则的生成方法Genarris对比。MolCrystalFlow性能优于MOFFlow,且与Genarris相当。此外,我们展示了将MolCrystalFlow与通用机器学习势能结合,可加速分子晶体结构预测,为数据驱动的分子晶体生成发现开辟新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Molecular crystal structure prediction represents a grand challenge in computational chemistry due to large sizes of constituent molecules and complex intra- and intermolecular interactions. While generative modeling has revolutionized structure discovery for molecules, inorganic solids, and metal-organic frameworks, extending such approaches to fully periodic molecular crystals is still elusive. Here, we present MolCrystalFlow, a flow-based generative model for molecular crystal structure prediction. The framework disentangles intramolecular complexity from intermolecular packing by embedding molecules as rigid bodies and jointly learning the lattice matrix, molecular orientations, and centroid positions. Centroids and orientations are represented on their native Riemannian manifolds, allowing geodesic flow construction and graph neural network operations that respects geometric symmetries. We benchmark our model against a state-of-the-art generative model (MOFFlow) for large-size periodic crystals and a rule-based structure generation method (Genarris) on two open-source molecular crystal datasets. MolCrystalFlow outperforms MOFFlow while achieving competitive performance against Genarris. We also demonstrate an integration of MolCrystalFlow model with universal machine learning potential to accelerate molecular crystal structure prediction, paving the way for data-driven generative discovery of molecular crystals.
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