测试大模型代理在多轮对话中被滥用的漏洞,发现其易被逐步诱导执行非法任务。
Helpful to a Fault: Measuring Illicit Assistance in Multi-Turn, Multilingual LLM Agents
- 构建分步诱骗框架,用伪装成正常用户的策略逐步诱导代理完成非法任务。
- 在多轮测试中,非法任务完成率显著高于单轮提示和普通聊天基线。
- 首次在六种非英语语言中发现低资源语言不必然更易被攻破,对安全评估有启示。
基于大模型的智能体通过工具和记忆执行真实世界工作流,但也可能被恶意利用实施复杂滥用行为。现有评测大多针对单次指令,难以衡量代理在多轮交互中无意协助非法任务的程度。本文提出STING(序列式非法目标执行测试)框架,通过构建基于良性人设的逐步非法计划,结合判别代理动态追踪各阶段进展,实现自动化红队测试。我们进一步将多轮攻击建模为首次越狱时间的随机变量,引入发现曲线、危险率归因分析及新指标‘受限平均越狱发现时间’。在AgentHarm场景下,STING的非法任务完成率远超单轮提示与适配工具使用的多轮基线。跨六种非英语语言的多语言评估显示,攻击成功率与任务完成率在低资源语言中未呈上升趋势,与传统聊天机器人结论相悖。整体上,STING为真实部署环境下多轮、多语种代理的安全性评估提供了实用方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LLM-based agents execute real-world workflows via tools and memory. These affordances enable ill-intended adversaries to also use these agents to carry out complex misuse scenarios. Existing agent misuse benchmarks largely test single-prompt instructions, leaving a gap in measuring how agents end up helping with harmful or illegal tasks over multiple turns. We introduce STING (Sequential Testing of Illicit N-step Goal execution), an automated red-teaming framework that constructs a step-by-step illicit plan grounded in a benign persona and iteratively probes a target agent with adaptive follow-ups, using judge agents to track phase completion. We further introduce an analysis framework that models multi-turn red-teaming as a time-to-first-jailbreak random variable, enabling analysis tools like discovery curves, hazard-ratio attribution by attack language, and a new metric: Restricted Mean Jailbreak Discovery. Across AgentHarm scenarios, STING yields substantially higher illicit-task completion than single-turn prompting and chat-oriented multi-turn baselines adapted to tool-using agents. In multilingual evaluations across six non-English settings, we find that attack success and illicit-task completion do not consistently increase in lower-resource languages, diverging from common chatbot findings. Overall, STING provides a practical way to evaluate and stress-test agent misuse in realistic deployment settings, where interactions are inherently multi-turn and often multilingual.
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