揭示经典模型复用状态时的量子非定域性限制
Contextuality from Single-State Ontological Models: An Information-Theoretic Obstruction
- 用条件互信息界定经典模型中上下文信息的下限
- 证明共享状态重用时上下文不能仅由局部状态承载
- 为量子非定域性提供信息论解释,适合基础理论研究者
上下文性是量子理论的核心特征,传统理解为无法用非上下文的隐变量模型再现量子测量统计。本文研究经典隐变量描述中,固定子系统本体态空间在多个干预间重复使用的情况。主要结果为信息论障碍:当经典单态模型通过辅助上下文寄存器再现操作统计时,所需上下文信息被条件互信息 $I(C;Oig|λ)$ 下界约束,其中 $C$ 为干预,$O$ 为结果,$λ$ 为子系统本体态。该不等式虽数学简单,但具有结构性意义:在共享态重用条件下,上下文差异无需完全内化于子系统本体态本身。本文给出构造性例证,并澄清该问题本质是子系统经典表征的局限,而非关于物理实在的二元对立。进一步讨论了其与隐变量模型及量子基础中上下文性的关系。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Contextuality is a central feature of quantum theory, traditionally understood as the impossibility of reproducing quantum measurement statistics using noncontextual ontological models. We study classical ontological descriptions in which a fixed subsystem-level ontic state space is reused across multiple interventions. Our main result is an information-theoretic obstruction: whenever a classical single-state model reproduces operational statistics using an auxiliary contextual register, the required contextual information is lower-bounded by the conditional mutual information $I(C;O\mid λ)$ between intervention $C$ and outcome $O$ conditioned on the subsystem ontic state $λ$. The mathematical inequality itself is elementary, but its interpretive significance is structural: under shared-state reuse, contextual distinctions need not be fully internalized within the subsystem ontic state alone. We provide a constructive illustration of this point and clarify how the issue should be understood as a limitation of subsystem-level classical representation, rather than as a dualism about physical reality. We further discuss how this perspective relates to ontological models and to contextuality in quantum foundations.
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