arXiv:2602.16793cs.LG2026-02被引 6

用普通模型低成本解决高难度数学题,突破认知陷阱提升解题准确率。

Escaping the Cognitive Well: Efficient Competition Math with Off-the-Shelf Models

  • 通过提取猜想并独立验证正反命题,打破迭代修正导致错误收敛的困局。
  • 在IMO-ProofBench Advanced上达到67.1%正确率,每题平均成本仅31美元。
  • 适合追求高效、低成本高阶数学推理的开发者与研究者使用。

过去一年,定制化未公开的数学推理模型在国际数学奥林匹克(IMO)中取得金牌水平表现。类似成果虽可通过大规模推理公共模型实现,但成本极高(如每题约3000美元)。本文提出一种推理流程,在仅使用通用现成模型的前提下,以远低于竞争方法的成本达到顶尖性能。该方法基于对求解器-评分器流水线中评分失败现象的洞察,称为“认知井”(即迭代优化趋于一个错误解,而求解器与内部评分器均认为其基本正确)。我们的流程通过“猜想提取”机制,将生成解中的候选引理分离,并在全新环境中独立验证其及反命题(上下文隔离)。在IMO-ProofBench Advanced(PB-Adv)上,使用Gemini 3.0 Pro实现67.1%的准确率,单题平均成本约31美元。评估时,该结果在公开与未公开模型中均属领先,且成功率达次优公开流程的两倍以上,成本却大幅降低。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In the past year, custom and unreleased math reasoning models reached gold medal performance on the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). Similar performance was then reported using large-scale inference on publicly available models but at prohibitive costs (e.g., 3000 USD per problem). In this work, we present an inference pipeline that attains best-in-class performance on IMO-style math problems at an average inference cost orders of magnitude below competing methods while using only general-purpose off-the-shelf models. Our method relies on insights about grader failure in solver-grader pipelines, which we call the Cognitive Well (iterative refinement converging to a wrong solution that the solver as well as the pipeline's internal grader consider to be basically correct). Our pipeline addresses these failure modes through conjecture extraction, wherein candidate lemmas are isolated from generated solutions and independently verified alongside their negations in a fresh environment (context detachment). On IMO-ProofBench Advanced (PB-Adv), our pipeline achieves 67.1 percent performance using Gemini 3.0 Pro with an average cost per question of approximately 31 USD. At the time of evaluation, this represented the state-of-the-art on PB-Adv among both public and unreleased models, and more than doubles the success rate of the next best publicly accessible pipeline, all at a fraction of the cost.

数学推理低成本推理认知陷阱猜想验证

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