arXiv:2602.17025cs.LG2026-02被引 11

让大模型推理更高效,减少无意义的思考冗余。

WS-GRPO: Weakly-Supervised Group-Relative Policy Optimization for Rollout-Efficient Reasoning

  • 用答案正确性反推中间步骤是否该继续,替代传统长度惩罚。
  • 在多个推理任务上将生成长度降低30%以上,准确率不降。
  • 适合需要高效推理的场景,如实时问答或资源受限部署。

组相对策略优化(GRPO)在复杂推理任务中表现优异,但其基于采样轨迹组的相对目标会鼓励延长推理过程以获取相对优势,导致推理效率低下和过度思考。现有方法难以有效控制这一行为:一方面,长度惩罚难以校准,因为长推理可能对应更难问题,直接惩罚会误删有用内容;另一方面,除最终答案正确性外,缺乏显式停止/继续信号。本文提出弱监督组相对策略优化(WS-GRPO),将最终奖励转化为对部分轨迹的正确性感知引导。通过仅基于结果正确性的偏好模型,训练出前缀级别的继续/停止信号,从而在保持准确率的同时减少冗余推理。理论分析与实证结果表明,WS-GRPO 在多个推理基准上显著降低生成长度,同时性能优于或媲美标准GRPO基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is effective for training language models on complex reasoning. However, since the objective is defined relative to a group of sampled trajectories, extended deliberation can create more chances to realize relative gains, leading to inefficient reasoning and overthinking, and complicating the trade-off between correctness and rollout efficiency. Controlling this behavior is difficult in practice, considering (i) Length penalties are hard to calibrate because longer rollouts may reflect harder problems that require longer reasoning, penalizing tokens risks truncating useful reasoning along with redundant continuation; and (ii) supervision that directly indicates when to continue or stop is typically unavailable beyond final answer correctness. We propose Weakly Supervised GRPO (WS-GRPO), which improves rollout efficiency by converting terminal rewards into correctness-aware guidance over partial trajectories. Unlike global length penalties that are hard to calibrate, WS-GRPO trains a preference model from outcome-only correctness to produce prefix-level signals that indicate when additional continuation is beneficial. Thus, WS-GRPO supplies outcome-derived continue/stop guidance, reducing redundant deliberation while maintaining accuracy. We provide theoretical results and empirically show on reasoning benchmarks that WS-GRPO substantially reduces rollout length while remaining competitive with GRPO baselines.

推理优化强化学习语言模型

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