arXiv:2602.17213quant-phcs.AI2026-02

用AI学习量子实验的隐藏变量,构建可预测的局域隐变量模型。

Extending quantum theory with AI-assisted deterministic game theory

  • 将量子实验视为观察者与宇宙的博弈,用神经网络学习隐藏变量的奖赏函数。
  • 在EPR 2-2-2实验中成功复现扩展玻恩规则预测,符合量子统计结果。
  • 突破自由选择假设限制,适合对量子基础和AI建模感兴趣的学者。

我们提出一种AI辅助框架,用于预测复杂量子实验(包括上下文性和因果性自适应测量)的单次运行结果,旨在长期探索扩展量子理论的局域隐变量理论。为规避不可能性定理,我们以较弱的“条件自由选择”替代自由选择假设。框架将量子实验视为观察者与宇宙之间的类似国际象棋的博弈,宇宙被视为最小化作用的经济代理。此前工作已描述通用实验(如固定因果顺序过程矩阵或因果上下文性场景)的博弈结构,以及放弃单边偏离假设、采用完美预测的确定性非纳什解法。本研究通过神经网络学习包含隐藏变量的博弈奖赏函数,代价函数为多次确定性运行所得频次直方图与扩展玻恩规则预测间的KL散度。在特定的EPR 2-2-2实验中,该框架作为概念验证,构建出一个非纳什量子理论的局域实在论玩具模型,表明该路径具有探索局域隐变量理论的潜力。本框架为完整发现量子理论奠定了坚实基础,可进一步拓展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present an AI-assisted framework for predicting individual runs of complex quantum experiments, including contextuality and causality (adaptive measurements), within our long-term programme of discovering a local hidden-variable theory that extends quantum theory. In order to circumvent impossibility theorems, we replace the assumption of free choice (measurement independence and parameter independence) with a weaker, compatibilistic version called contingent free choice. Our framework is based on interpreting complex quantum experiments as a Chess-like game between observers and the universe, which is seen as an economic agent minimizing action. The game structures corresponding to generic experiments such as fixed-causal-order process matrices or causal contextuality scenarios, together with a deterministic non-Nashian resolution algorithm that abandons unilateral deviation assumptions (free choice) and assumes Perfect Prediction instead, were described in previous work. In this new research, we learn the reward functions of the game, which contain a hidden variable, using neural networks. The cost function is the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the frequency histograms obtained through many deterministic runs of the game and the predictions of the extended Born rule. Using our framework on the specific case of the EPR 2-2-2 experiment acts as a proof-of-concept and a toy local-realist hidden-variable model that non-Nashian quantum theory is a promising avenue towards a local hidden-variable theory. Our framework constitutes a solid foundation, which can be further expanded in order to fully discover a complete quantum theory.

量子基础AI建模隐变量博弈论

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