用带语义的网页动作代替点击操作，让网络智能体更可靠、可审计。
Web Agents Should Use Typed Actions Instead of Click-Based Browsing
- 提出‘网页动词’作为带类型的动作接口，支持结构化输入输出
- 动词调用可包含前置条件、后置条件和日志钩子，提升可追溯性
- 适合需要高可靠性与可复现性的自动化任务开发者使用
本文主张构建可靠的网络智能体需从低层点击、输入等操作转向由语义层支持的类型化动作。当前网络代理主要依赖点击、键盘输入和DOM操作，导致长周期行为脆弱、执行成本高且难以审计。我们提出‘网页动词’作为该语义层的具体设计：动词是带有结构化输入、输出和文档说明的函数式操作，无论由服务器端Web API或客户端工作流支持。动词调用可携带前置条件、后置条件、策略标签和日志钩子，使智能体能生成具有明确控制流与数据流的简洁程序，并产生可验证的执行轨迹。通过典型案例分析，我们展示动词级组合可实现正确、可复现的结果，而基于低层交互的浏览器代理则可能产生脆弱行为或错误推理。最后呼吁推动标准化、开发工具链和社区流程建设，以实现该语义层在全网规模上的可部署与可信应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This position paper argues that building a reliable agentic Web requires shifting from low-level interaction primitives to typed actions supported by a semantic layer. Today's web agents primarily operate through clicks, keystrokes, and DOM manipulation, which leads to brittle long-horizon behavior, high execution cost, and limited auditability. We propose web verbs as a concrete design for this layer. A verb exposes a web operation as a typed function with structured inputs, structured outputs, and documented behavior, whether it is backed by a server-side Web API or a maintained client-side workflow. Verb calls can carry preconditions, postconditions, policy tags, and logging hooks, allowing agents to synthesize concise programs with explicit control flow and data flow and to produce checkable execution traces. Using representative case studies, we illustrate how verb-level composition can produce correct, reproducible outcomes, while browser agents using low-level interaction primitives may produce brittle behavior or incorrect reasoning. We conclude with a call to action on standardization, developer tooling, and community processes needed to make this semantic layer deployable and trustworthy at web scale.
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