arXiv:2602.17250cs.CV2026-02被引 4

用谷歌地球嵌入模型预测地形高程,效果良好但有偏差。

Inferring Height from Earth Embeddings: First insights using Google AlphaEarth

  • 用轻量卷积网络从地球嵌入中解码高程信息。
  • 测试集上最高相关系数达0.84,平均偏差-2.62米。
  • 适合做区域高程反演,尤其配合空间感知网络使用。

本研究探究了地球嵌入(Earth Embeddings)中的地理空间与多模态特征是否能有效指导深度学习回归模型进行区域地表高程映射。重点分析了10米分辨率的AlphaEarth Embeddings,并以高质量数字表面模型(DSM)作为参考基准。采用U-Net和U-Net++轻量级卷积解码器评估嵌入中蕴含的高程信息可解码性。两种架构在训练集上均表现优异($R^2 = 0.97$),证实嵌入编码了可解码的高程信号。测试集上因高程频率分布偏移导致性能下降,但U-Net++表现更优($R^2 = 0.84$,中位数偏差=-2.62米),优于标准U-Net($R^2 = 0.78$,中位数偏差=-7.22米),显示出更强的分布不匹配鲁棒性。尽管测试集RMSE约16米且存在残差偏差,强相关性表明嵌入捕捉到可迁移的地形模式。总体表明,AlphaEarth Embeddings具备引导深度学习高程映射的潜力,尤其结合空间感知卷积结构时,但仍需解决偏差问题以提升区域泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study investigates whether the geospatial and multimodal features encoded in \textit{Earth Embeddings} can effectively guide deep learning (DL) regression models for regional surface height mapping. In particular, we focused on AlphaEarth Embeddings at 10 m spatial resolution and evaluated their capability to support terrain height inference using a high-quality Digital Surface Model (DSM) as reference. U-Net and U-Net++ architectures were thus employed as lightweight convolutional decoders to assess how well the geospatial information distilled in the embeddings can be translated into accurate surface height estimates. Both architectures achieved strong training performance (both with $R^2 = 0.97$), confirming that the embeddings encode informative and decodable height-related signals. On the test set, performance decreased due to distribution shifts in height frequency between training and testing areas. Nevertheless, U-Net++ shows better generalization ($R^2 = 0.84$, median difference = -2.62 m) compared with the standard U-Net ($R^2 = 0.78$, median difference = -7.22 m), suggesting enhanced robustness to distribution mismatch. While the testing RMSE (approximately 16 m for U-Net++) and residual bias highlight remaining challenges in generalization, strong correlations indicate that the embeddings capture transferable topographic patterns. Overall, the results demonstrate the promising potential of AlphaEarth Embeddings to guide DL-based height mapping workflows, particularly when combined with spatially aware convolutional architectures, while emphasizing the need to address bias for improved regional transferability.

高程估计地球嵌入深度学习地形建模

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