用随机打乱的选项标签,让大模型摆脱答题位置偏见。
ABCD: All Biases Come Disguised
- 用无序随机标签替换原选项,消除位置和标签依赖
- 准确率方差降低3倍,性能损失微小
- 适合评估模型真实推理能力,避免评测造假
多选题基准已成为衡量大语言模型推理与知识问答能力的标准方法。通过构建合成的NonsenseQA基准,我们发现不同大模型存在不同程度的标签位置-少样本提示偏见,即模型会依赖答案位置、前置标签或少样本中正确答案的分布来作答。为此,我们提出一种简单的去偏评估协议:将每道题的选项标签替换为均匀且无序的标签,并要求模型使用完整答案进行回答。结合一个简单的句子相似度模型,我们在性能小幅下降的前提下,显著提升了鲁棒性,降低了不同答案排列间的标准差。该方法在多个基准和模型上均表现出更强的抗排列扰动能力,使模型真实能力得以暴露,无需依赖提示示例或标签信息。消融实验表明,该方法对不同嵌入模型和相似度函数更具鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multiple-choice question (MCQ) benchmarks have been a standard evaluation practice for measuring LLMs' ability to reason and answer knowledge-based questions. Through a synthetic NonsenseQA benchmark, we observe that different LLMs exhibit varying degrees of label-position-few-shot-prompt bias, where the model either uses the answer position, the label in front of the answer, the distributions of correct answers present in the few-shot prompt, or a combination of all to answer each MCQ question. We propose a simple bias-reduced evaluation protocol that replaces the labels of each question with uniform, unordered labels and prompts the LLM to use the whole answer presented. With a simple sentence similarity model, we demonstrate improved robustness and lower standard deviation between different permutations of answers with a minimal drop in LLM's performance, exposing the LLM's capabilities under reduced evaluation artifacts, without any help from the prompt examples or the option labels. Across multiple benchmarks and models, this protocol substantially improves the robustness to answer permutations, reducing mean accuracy variance $3\times$ with only a minimal decrease in the mean model's performance. Through ablation studies on various embedding models and similarity functions, we show that the method is more robust than the standard ones.
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