arXiv:2602.17605cs.CVcs.AI2026-02

用概念相关性指导动态地理发现,高效识别高风险区域。

Adapting Actively on the Fly: Relevance-Guided Online Meta-Learning with Latent Concepts for Geospatial Discovery

  • 基于概念相关性调整不确定性采样,融合土地覆盖等先验信息。
  • 在线元学习中引入语义多样性机制,提升动态环境适应力。
  • 适合资源受限的环境监测与应急响应场景,尤其关注稀疏数据下的目标发现。

在环境监测中,数据采集成本高、分布稀疏且受公共健康需求驱动。以致癌物全氟烷基物质(PFAS)污染为例,与领域专家及环保组织的讨论表明,在采样预算有限的情况下,需战略性地识别高风险但观测不足的区域。此类挑战也广泛存在于灾害响应和公共卫生领域,动态环境要求从有限真实标签中高效发现隐藏目标。然而,稀疏且有偏的地理标签限制了现有学习方法(如强化学习)的应用。为此,我们提出一个统一的地理发现框架,融合主动学习、在线元学习与概念引导推理。核心创新在于共享的“概念相关性”理念:一是提出‘概念加权不确定性采样策略’,利用土地覆盖、源地距离等易得概念学习相关性,调节不确定性;二是设计‘相关性感知元批次构建策略’,在在线元学习更新中促进语义多样性,增强动态环境下的泛化能力。我们在受现实启发的PFAS污染发现任务上评估该框架,证明其在数据稀缺和条件变化下的稳健目标发现性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In environmental monitoring, data collection is often costly, sparse, and shaped by urgent public-health needs. This is particularly true for cancer-causing PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) contamination, where discussions with domain experts and environmental organizations highlight the need to strategically identify high-risk, under-observed regions under tight sampling budgets. More broadly, similar challenges arise in disaster response and public health settings, where dynamic environments make it essential to efficiently uncover hidden targets from limited ground truth. Yet sparse and biased geospatial labels limit the applicability of existing learning-based methods, such as reinforcement learning. To address this, we propose a unified geospatial discovery framework that integrates active learning, online meta-learning, and concept-guided reasoning. Our approach introduces two key innovations built on a shared notion of *concept relevance*, capturing how domain-specific factors influence target presence: a *concept-weighted uncertainty sampling strategy*, where uncertainty is modulated by learned relevance from readily available concepts such as land cover and source proximity; and a *relevance-aware meta-batch formation strategy* that promotes semantic diversity during online-meta updates, improving generalization in dynamic environments. We evaluate our framework on PFAS contamination discovery as a real-world inspired environmental monitoring task, demonstrating robust target discovery under limited data and changing conditions.

地理发现主动学习元学习概念相关性

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